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- Leonardsson, Hanna, 1984
(författare)
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Peace Through Violence and Violence Through Peace: Peacebuilding Practices and a Conflictual Peace in Lebanon
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geopolitics. - 1465-0045.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on peace has been filled with notions of peacebuilding in crisis or creating more problems than it solves. However, as peacebuilding is critiqued for not fulfilling its promises, the nuances of peace and violence present in peacebuilding practices are often left ignored. Arguing that peace is a continuum of peace and violence seen by understanding peace as embodied, spatial, and political, the article analyses peacebuilding practices creating a conflictual Lebanese peace. The article looks closer at three such practices: service provision, local interactions, and Lebanese local governance. Through empirical material, the article illustrates how service provision, local interactions and local governance are performed through power relations sustaining a continuum of peace and violence. As such, the article argues that rather than a continuum between peace and violence, Lebanese peacebuilding is a simultaneous process of peace and violence. This questions the assumed opposition between violence and peace and claims that by emphasising peace as embodied, situated, and political we can discern different peace(s) more peaceful for some than others.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, 1984-
(författare)
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Generative Design Exploration : Computation and Material Practice
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today, computation serves as an important intermediary agent for the integration of analyses and the constraints of materialisation into design processes. Research efforts in the field have emphasised digital continuity and conformity between different aspects of a building project. Such an approach can limit the potential for significant discoveries, because the expression of architectural form is reduced to the varying tones of one fabrication technique and simulation at a time. This dissertation argues that disparate sets of digital and physical models are needed to incorporate multiple constraints into the exploration, and that the way the designer links them to one another significantly impacts the potential for arriving at significant discoveries. Discoveries are made in the moment of bridging between models, representational mediums, and affiliated processes.This dissertation examines the capacity of algorithm—as a basis for computation—to diversify and expand the design exploration by enabling the designer to link disparate models and different representational mediums. It is developed around a series of design experiments that question how computation and digital fabrication can be used to diversify design ideation, foster significant discoveries, and at the same time increase flexibility for the designer’s operation in the design process. The experiments reveal the interdependence of the mediums of design—algorithm, geometry, and material—and the designer’s mode of operation. They show that each medium provides the designer with a particular way of incorporating constraints into the exploration. From the way the designer treats these mediums and the design process, two types of exploration are identified: goal oriented and open-ended. In the former, the exploration model is shaped by the designer’s objective to reach a specified goal through the selection of mediums, models, and tools. In the latter, the design process itself informs the designer’s intention. From the kinds of interdependencies that are created between mediums in each experiment, three main exploration models emerge: circular and uniform, branched and incremental, and parallel and bidirectional.Finally, this dissertation argues that the theoretical case for integral computational design and fabrication must be revised to go beyond merely applying established computational processes to encompass the designer and several design mediums. The new model of design exploration is a cooperation between algorithm, geometry, materials, tools, and the designer. For the exploration to be novel, the designer must play a significant role by choosing one medium over another when formulating the design problem and establishing design drivers from the set of constraints, by linking the design mediums, by translating between design representations, and by describing the key aspects of the exploration in terms of algorithms.
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| 4. |
- Aghaeinezhadfirouzja, Saeid, et al.
(författare)
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Practical 3-D beam pattern based channel modeling for multi-polarized massive MIMO systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 18:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a practical non-stationary three-dimensional (3-D) channel models for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, considering beam patterns for different antenna elements, is proposed. The beam patterns using dipole antenna elements with different phase excitation toward the different direction of travels (DoTs) contributes various correlation weights for rays related towards/from the cluster, thus providing different elevation angle of arrivals (EAoAs) and elevation angle of departures (EAoDs) for each antenna element. These include the movements of the user that makes our channel to be a non-stationary model of clusters at the receiver (RX) on both the time and array axes. In addition, their impacts on 3-D massive MIMO channels are investigated via statistical properties including received spatial correlation. Additionally, the impact of elevation/azimuth angles of arrival on received spatial correlation is discussed. Furthermore, experimental validation of the proposed 3-D channel models on azimuth and elevation angles of the polarized antenna are specifically evaluated and compared through simulations. The proposed 3-D generic models are verified using relevant measurement data.
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| 5. |
- Aghaeipour, M., et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the effect of different dimensions in high contrast grating mirror
- 2015
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Ingår i: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 1874-6500. ; 68, s. 517-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reflectivity spectrum in Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is investigated by replacing High Contrast Grating (HCG) layer instead of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) as a top mirror. In addition, the scalability feature in the HCG layer is used to design a reflector for λ = 1;300 nm. High reflectivity (>99%) mirrors in VCSELs are mandatory because of the short gain length. In conventional VCSELs, distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) are used to compensate the weak gain. Recently, the Hasnain group presented High Contrast Grating (HCG) layer as a high reflectivity monolayer (Huang et al., IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 15(5):1485–1499, 2009). Not only is the HCG layer considerably thinner than a conventional DBR, but it also provides a much broader reflectivity spectral width. Furthermore, the HCG layer is polarization sensitive so that using correct dimensions it can be made to reflect the TE-mode or the TM-mode. Here, we compare the reflectivity spectrum from a HCG monolayer with a DBR. In HCG, there are three important factors that determine the spectrum range that can be used for tuning: thickness.(t)., periodicity (Λ) and duty-cycle (η) (Fig. 51.1). The structure is shown in Fig. 51.1. Two structures are investigated in which the bottom mirror in both of them is the same and is composed of alternating layers of n-type AlAs and AlGaAs with quarter wavelength thickness and a 27.5-period. The top mirror in DBR case (conventional VCSEL) is a 19.5-period p-type AlAs and AlGaAs DBR mirror (Aghaeipour et al., Opt Quantum Electron 45:115–126, 2013). In the HCG case (HCG-VCSEL), a layer of AlGaAs/air HCG is used instead of p-DBRs. In the following, we compare reflectivity spectrum in conventional VCSEL and HCG-one for λ = 850 nm (Fig. 51.2). The reflectivity spectrum in HCG-VCSEL is much broader than that of the convention DBR one. In the next step, we change the dimensions of HCG and investigate the reflectivity spectrum at λ = 1;300 nm. One interesting point about HCG refers to its scalability (Huang et al., IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 15(5):1485–1499, 2009). In the other word, using the same material we reach to a broader spectral range by changing the dimension of HCG layer. In Fig. 51.3, the three parameters (t, Λ and η)have been tuned for λ = 1;300 nm for TE-mode and TM-mode. In summary, a HCG layer is a good candidate for replacing DBR reflectors in VCSELs, on the one hand to reduce the dimension of the laser on the other hand to broaden the reflectivity spectrum. In addition to that, a HCG layer which is a 1D-Photonic Crystal plays an important role to control the output polarization.
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| 7. |
- Albini, A, et al.
(författare)
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Oncogenesis in HIV-infection
- 1996
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Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - 1019-6439. ; 9:1, s. 5-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Björklund-Persson, Lena, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of an in situ passive sampling system for metals in stormwater
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0333 .- 1464-0325. ; 4:2, s. 258-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A passive sampler has been developed and is demonstrated in situ for urban runoff. The passive sampler is compared to conventional composite (time-dependent and flow-weighted) bottle sampling during and between storm events. The sampling was carried out at established stormwater stations; before and after a stormwater detention pond. In situ deployment of the passive sampler provides the metal concentrations, corresponding to the electrochemically available fraction of total metal, for time-dependent samples collected in parallel. The sampler provides improved accuracy compared to bottle sampling because contamination during sample transport and handling is minimised. Laboratory handling is reduced by direct analysis of the accumulated metals on the receiving membrane by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Passive sampling also solves the problem of metal speciation change during transport to the laboratory, which is a potential problem for bottle samples. The low cost and convenience of the passive sampler and subsequent analysis should allow significantly more extensive spatial and temporal monitoring of metals in the aquatic environment than has previously been possible.
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| 10. |
- Björklund, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohols react with MCM-41 at room temperature and chemically modify mesoporous silica
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mesoporous silica has received much attention due to its well-defined structural order, high surface area, and tunable pore diameter. To successfully employ mesoporous silica for nanotechnology applications it is important to consider how it is influenced by solvent molecules due to the fact that most preparation procedures involve treatment in various solvents. In the present work we contribute to this important topic with new results on how MCM-41 is affected by a simple treatment in alcohol at room temperature. The effects of alcohol treatment are characterized by TGA, FTIR, and sorption calorimetry. The results are clear and show that treatment of MCM-41 in methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, or octanol at room temperature introduces alkoxy groups that are covalently bound to the silica surface. It is shown that alcohol treated MCM-41 becomes more hydrophobic and that this effect is sequentially more prominent going from methanol to octanol. Chemical formation of alkoxy groups onto MCM-41 occurs both for calcined and hydroxylated MCM-41 and the alkoxy groups are hydrolytically unstable and can be replaced by silanol groups after exposure to water. The results are highly relevant for mesoporous silica applications that involve contact or treatment in protic solvents, which is very common.
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