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- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Economic and operational factors in energy and climate indicators for the steel industry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Energy Efficiency. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-646X .- 1570-6478. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European steel producers need to increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions to meet requirements set by European policies. Robust indicators are needed to follow up these efforts. This bottom-up analysis of traditional energy and climate indicators is based on plant level data from three Swedish steel producers with different product portfolios and production processes. It concludes that indicators based on both physical and economic production are interlinked with aspects both within and outside the company gates. Results estimated with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) confirm that steel production has complex relationships with markets, societal context and operational character of the industry. The study concludes that: (i) physical indicators (based on crude steel production) may be useful at the process level, but not at the industry-wide level, (ii) the value added is not a reliable alternative since it cannot be properly estimated for companies belonging to larger international groups, and (iii) structural shifts may influence the results significantly, and veil improvements made at the process level. Finally, harmonized system boundary definitions are vital for making indicators comparable between companies. The use of traditional indicators, as defined today, may lead to uninformed decisions at the company as well as policy levels.
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| 2. |
- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Improving energy and climate indicators for the steel industry : the case of Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 107, s. 581-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy and climate indicators are required for monitoring and controlling the effectiveness of regional as well as national initiatives towards increasing energy efficiency and reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Indicators are also needed for monitoring measures implemented within companies. Recent studies show that traditional energy efficiency indicators do not capture product differentiation or value creation in the steel industry, while observed trends capture structural shifts instead. In this study, methods combining physical and techno-economic perspectives on energy and CO2 efficiency are proposed for alleviating these problems. The methods were evaluated using data from three Swedish steel producers. The results compensate for structural shifts when focused on physical production. When focused on economic production, the methods represent the value creation of the companies more strongly than traditional indicators. The proposed methods may be useful complements to traditional indicators for monitoring energy and CO2 efficiency. However, the trends show strong links with the economic climate, which may reduce companies’ possibilities of using the indicators for monitoring their own performance. The study confirms the high complexity in monitoring energy and CO2 efficiency within steel companies focused on high-value market segments. Further research is required in exploring issues related to data confidentiality, product portfolios and processes represented in the method, influence of external factors, and aggregating indicators at sectoral level.
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| 3. |
- Morfeldt, Johannes, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Robusta energi- och klimatindikatorer för stålindustrin
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traditionellt använda indikatorer för att utvärdera energieffektivisering och växthusgasutsläppsminskning är energi per ton av ett produktslag, energi per förädlingsvärde, energi per produktionsvärde, växthusgasutsläpp per ton av ett produktslag, växthusgasutsläpp per förädlingsvärde samt växthusgasutsläpp per produktionsvärde. Inom järn- och stålsektorn används framför allt den fysiska indikatorn energi per producerat ton råstål. Detta forskningsprojekt har haft som mål att utvärdera och vidareutveckla energiindikatormetodologin. Sandvik Materials Technology (SMT), Höganäs Sweden AB och SSAB EMEA deltagit med detaljerade, specifika, företagsdata och insikter i produktion och marknad. Företagen representerar olika sätt att framställa stål i Sverige och kan därför anses i ett vidare perspektiv representera svensk stålindustri. Ett stort steg har tagits genom att skapa en bättre förståelse för hur företags strukturer och verksamheter påverkas av olika externa faktorer och på vilket sätt det speglas i de traditionella energieffektivitetsindikatorerna. Traditionella indikatorer är idag inte robusta nog att användas för att följa upp, eller styra, annat än separata processer inom företagen. De bör därför inte utgöra underlag för lagstiftning eller tillståndsprövning. De mer vidareutvecklade indikatorerna, som tagits fram i denna studie, är inte heller tillräckligt robusta för att användas för styrning, men kommer till rätta med några av de effekter som påverkar de traditionella. Effektivitetsindex baserade på den fysiska produktionsindikatorn minskar påverkan av strukturförändringar. Den ekonomiska produktionsindikatorn fångar tydligt produktvärde, men är starkt kopplad till det ekonomiska klimatet. Antalet parametrar som påverkar energieffektiviseringen är stort och endast ett fåtal har fortfarande beaktats. Energieffektivisering som har gjorts inom ramen för PFE syns i resultaten. Det är viktigt att utvecklingsarbetet kring indikatorer fortsätter då energi- och CO2-effektivitet är en central fråga både för stålindustrin och för samhället.
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| 5. |
- Ahlin, Jane, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies to develop and strengthen human factors and ergonomics knowledge among stakeholders in Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 19th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Melbourne 9-14 August 2015. - Melbourne : International Ergonomics Association.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge and application of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) has significant potential as auseful tool and solution provider in the development, design and implementation of safe, efficient and sustainable artefacts and systems. Yet, it seems that this HFE knowledge is not utilised to its full potential. In a world of competing financial and commercial priorities, HFE specialists have apparently not succeeded in selling the systems approach as a tool towards improved overall systems performance and human well-being.The present paper describes the strategic and practical workperformed by the Swedish Ergonomics and Human Factors Society (EHSS) to strengthen the quality of human factors and ergonomics knowledge and practice among various stakeholders in Sweden. EHSS view human factors and ergonomics as a systems and design oriented discipline that extends across all aspects of human activity. Beyond the traditional domains of specialization within the discipline, the physical, cognitive and organisational ergonomics, EHSS has identified three focus areas; visual ergonomics, voice ergonomics and ergonomics design for all.Practitioner Summary: This paper presents the strategic and practical work performed by the Swedish Ergonomics and Human Factors Society (EHSS) in order to strengthen the quality of human factors and ergonomics knowledge and practice in Sweden. EHSS has identified three focus areas for its strategic work: visual ergonomics, voice ergonomics and ergonomics design for all.
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| 6. |
- Akselsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Daily structured approach to awareness of fetal movements and pregnancy outcome - a prospective study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 20, s. 32-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We investigated how women, seeking care due to decreased movements, had paid attention to fetal movements and if the method of monitoring was associated with pregnancy outcome.METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed to women from gestational week 28, who had sought care due to decreased fetal movements in Stockholm between January 1st and December 31st, 2014. Women were included in the study if the examination did not reveal any signs of a compromised fetus requiring immediate intervention. Birth outcome and sociodemographic data were collected from the obstetric record register.RESULTS: There were 29166 births in Stockholm in 2014, we have information from 2683 women who sought care for decreased fetal movements. The majority (96.6%) of the women stated that they paid attention to fetal movements. Some women observed fetal movements weekly (17.2%) and 69.5% concentrated on fetal movements daily (non-structured group). One in ten (9.9%) used counting methods daily for observing fetal movements (structured group). Women in the structured group more often had caesarean section before onset of labor (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2) and a lower risk of their baby being transferred to neonatal nursery (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.03-0.94) compared to women in the non-structured group.CONCLUSIONS: Women, who had a daily and structured approach to awareness of fetal movements, were more likely to have a caesarean section but their babies were less likely to be transferred to a neonatal nursery as compared with women who used a non-structured method daily.
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| 7. |
- Akselsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Increased labor induction and women presenting with decreased or altered fetal movements : A population-based survey
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Women's awareness of fetal movements is important as perception of decreased fetal movements can be a sign of a compromised fetus. We aimed to study rate of labor induction in relation to number of times women seek care due to decreased or altered fetal movements during their pregnancy compared to women not seeking such care. Further, we investigated the indication of induction.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective population-based cohort study including all obstetric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. Questionnaires were distributed to women who sought care due to decreased or altered fetal movements ≥ 28 week's gestation in 2014, women for whom an examination did not indicate a compromised fetus that required induction of labor or cesarean section when they sought care. Women who gave birth at ≥ 28 weeks' gestation in 2014 in Stockholm comprises the reference group.RESULTS: Labor was induced more often among the 2683 women who had sought care due to decreased or altered fetal movements (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3-1.5). In women who presented with decreased or altered fetal movements induction of labor occurred more frequently for fetal indication than those with induction of labor and no prior fetal movement presentation (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8). The rate of induction increased with number of times a woman sought care, RR 1.3 for single presentation to 3.2 for five or more.CONCLUSIONS: We studied women seeking care for decreased or altered fetal movements and for whom pregnancy was not terminated with induction or caesarean section. Subsequent (median 20 days), induction of labor and induction for fetal indications were more frequent in this group compared to the group of women with no fetal movement presentations. Among women seeking care for altered or decreased fetal movements, the likelihood of induction of labor increased with frequency of presentation.
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