| 1. |
- Arborelius, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a Gap between the Church and the People? : Interviews with Parishioners and Ministers in the Stockholm District
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Empirical Theology. - 0922-2936. ; 23:1, s. 82-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty-four parishioners and 24 ministers of the Church of Sweden were interviewed concerning their beliefs about religion, the Church and ecclesiastic activities. The results showed that ministers could be placed on a continuum ranging from sender orientation to receiver orientation. Sender orientation means, primarily, directed towards reaching people who proceed from a definite opinion, namely the Church's teaching. Receiver orientation means, primarily, directed towards reaching people who proceed from their own worldview where religion may be expressed in many different ways. Parishioners gave a total of 5% sender-oriented and 95% receiver-oriented descriptions. Comparable figures for ministers were 48% sender-oriented and 52% receiver-oriented. If more than half the ministers have an orientation that neither interests nor attracts parishioners, this can be a problem to the Church.
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| 2. |
- Nozière, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric chemistry in stereo : A new look at secondary organic aerosols from isoprene
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 38, s. L11807-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isoprene, a compound emitted by vegetation, could be a major contributor to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. The main evidence for this contribution were the 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraols, or 2-methyltetrols (2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol) present in ambient aerosols. In this work, the four stereoisomers of these tetraols were analyzed in aerosols from Aspvreten, Sweden. 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol was found in excess over its enantiomer in the Spring/Summer, by up to 29% in July. This clearly indicated some biological origins for this enantiomer, consistent with its well-documented production by plants and other living organisms. In addition, a minimum of 20 to 60% of the mass of racemic tetraols appeared from biological origin. Thus, the SOA mass produced by isoprene in the atmosphere is less than what indicated by the 2-methyltetrols in aerosols. Our results also demonstrate that stereochemical speciation can distinguish primary and secondary organic material in atmospheric aerosols.
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