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- Pham, T. H, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissuelike turbid media over a broad spectral range with noncontact Fourier-transform hyperspectral imaging
- 2000
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Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 2155-3165. ; 39:34, s. 6487-6497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Absorption (mu (a)) and reduced scattering (mu (s)') spectra of turbid media were quanti fied with a noncontact imaging approach based on a Fourier-transform interferometric imaging system (FTIIS). The FTIIS was used to collect hyperspectral images of the steady-state diffuse reflectance from turbid media. Spatially resolved reflectance data from Monte Carlo simulations were fitted to the recorded hyperspectral images to quantify mu (a) and mu (s)' spectra in the 550-850-nm region. A simple and effective calibration approach was introduced to account for the instrument response. With reflectance data that were close to and far from the source (0.5-6.5 mm), mu (a) and mu (')(s) of homogeneous, semi-infinite turbid phantoms with optical property ranges comparable with those of tissues were determined with an accuracy of +/-7% and +/-3%, respectively. Prediction accuracy for mu (a) and mu (s)' degraded to +/-12% and +/-4%, respectively, when only reflectance data close to the source (0.5-2.5 mm) were used. Results indicate that reflectance data close to and far hom the source are necessary for optimal quantification of mu (a) and mu (s)'. The spectral properties of mu (a) and mu (s)' values were used to determine the concentrations of absorbers and scatterers, respectively. Absorber and scatterer concentrations of two-chromophore turbid media were determined with an accuracy of +/-5% and +/-3%, respectively. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 170.0110, 170.7050, 170.6510, 070.2590, 120.3180.
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| 4. |
- Pham, T. H, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the optical properties and chromophore concentrations of turbid media by chemometric analysis of hyperspectral diffuse reflectance data collected using a fourier interferometric imaging system
- 2001
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Ingår i: Applied Spectroscopy. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3530 .- 0003-7028. ; 55:8, s. 1035-1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A non-contact Fourier transform interferometric imaging system was used to collect hyperspectral images of the steady-state diffuse reflectance from a point source in turbid media for the spectral range of 550-850 nm. Steady-state diffuse reflectance profiles were generated from the hyperspectral images, and partial least-squares (PLS) regression was performed on the diffuse reflectance profiles to quantify absorption (mu (alpha)) and reduced scattering (mu (s)') properties of turbid media. The feasibility of using PLS regression to predict optical properties was examined for two different sets of spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance data. One set of data was collected from 40 turbid phantoms, while the second set was generated by convolving Monte Carlo simulations with the instrument response of the imaging system. Study results show that PLS prediction of mu (alpha) and mu (s)' was accurate to within +/-8% and +/-5%, respectively, when the model was trained on turbid phantom data. Moreover, PLS prediction of optical properties was considerably faster and more efficient than direct least-squares fitting of spatially-resolved profiles. When the PLS model was trained on Monte Carlo simulated data and subsequently used to predict mu (alpha) and mu (s)' from the diffuse reflectance of turbid phantom, the percent accuracies degraded to +/-12% and +/-5%, respectively. These accuracy values are applicable to homogenous, semi-infinite turbid phantoms with optical property ranges comparable to tissues.
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| 5. |
- von Euler, Mia, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation of low concentrations of toluene induces persistent effects on a learning retention task, beam-walk performance, and cerebrocortical size in the rat
- 2000
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - New York, USA : Academic Press. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 163:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organic solvent toluene is widely used in industry. The threshold limit value for extended occupational exposure to toluene is presently set to 200 ppm in the United States. We have investigated the effect of an inhalation exposure of 80 ppm for 4 weeks (6 h/day, 5 days/week), followed by a postexposure period of at least 4 weeks, on behavior and brain features in the rat. Toluene exposure appeared to affect spatial memory, since toluene-exposed rats showed a longer time in the correct quadrant in a Morris swim maze. This effect may indicate that the exposed rats used their praxis strategy longer before they started to look for the platform elsewhere. Toluene-exposed rats showed trends for increases in both locomotion and rearing behaviors and a significantly reduced beam-walk performance. The area of the cerebral cortex, especially the parietal cortex, was decreased by 6-10% in toluene-exposed rats, as shown by magnetic resonance imaging of living rats and autoradiograms of frozen brain sections. The K(D) and B(max) values of the dopamine D(3) agonist [(3)H]PD 128907 were not affected by toluene, as measured in caudate-putamen and subcortical limbic area using biochemical receptor binding assays and in caudate-putamen and islands of Calleja using quantitative receptor autoradiography. Hence, previously demonstrated persistent effects by toluene on the binding characteristics of radioligands binding to both D(2) and D(3) receptors seem to indicate a persistent effect of toluene selectively on dopamine D(2) receptors. Taken together, the present results indicate that exposure to low concentrations of toluene leads to persistent effects on cognitive, neurological, and brain-structural properties in the rat.
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