| 1. |
- Zhang, Guojie, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1311-1320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.
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| 2. |
- Gu, Bobo, et al.
(författare)
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Fiber-optic metal ion sensor based on thin-core fiber modal interferometer with nanocoating self-assembled via hydrogen bonding
- 2011
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 160:1, s. 1174-1179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new fiber-optic metal ion sensor based on a thin-core fiber modal interferometer (TCFMI) is presented. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are layer-by-layer deposited on the side surface of the TCFMI via hydrogen bonding for the detection of metal ion in aqueous solutions. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy is employed to monitor the self-assembly process, and the thickness and morphology of the nanocoating are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When the sensor is immersed into the aqueous solutions containing metal ions, the refractive index (RI) of the nanocoating is changed because of the association of metal ions with the nanocoating, which was verified by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Based on the RI sensing capability of TCFMI, one can detect the concentration of metal ions through the measurement of the dip wavelength of the sensor's transmission spectrum. The experiment results exhibit that the sensor is reusable and with a fast response in a wide metal ion concentration range (10 nM-0.1 M). The limit of detection (LOD) of the sensor is around 9.6 nM experimentally.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Zhao-Di, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the central metal on the crystal structures and electronic structures of biferrocene trinuclear complexes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Polyhedron. - : Elsevier. - 0277-5387 .- 1873-3719. ; 30:2, s. 279-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five metal-bridged biferrocene complexes of the Schiff-base ligand (HL = S-benzyl-N-(ferrocenyl-1-methyl-methylidene)dithiocarbazate) have been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The crystal structures of the complexes show that the central metal ions are tetra-coordinated by two ligands in two modes: the central d8 transition metal ions (Ni2+, Pd2+, and Pt2+) are nearly square-planar coordinated and the d10 transition metal ions (Zn2+ and Cd2+) are tetrahedrally coordinated. Interestingly, the isomer shifts in 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy are also of two kinds: d8 transition metal ions (0.097–0.247 mm/s) and d10 transition metal ions (0.416–0.435 mm/s).
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| 4. |
- You, Fengzhi, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal mortality in Henan Province, China: changes between 1996 and 2009.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Maternal deaths occur mostly in developing countries and the majority of them are preventable. This study analyzes changes in maternal mortality and related causes in Henan Province, China, between 1996 and 2009, in an attempt to provide a reliable basis for introducing effective interventions to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), part of the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Methods and Findings: This population-based maternal mortality survey in Henan Province was carried out from 1996 to 2009. Basic information was obtained from the health care network for women and children and the vital statistics system, from specially trained monitoring personnel in 25 selected monitoring sites and by household survey in each case of maternal death. This data was subsequently reported to the Henan Provincial Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital. The total MMR in Henan Province declined by 78.4%, from 80.1 per 100 000 live births in 1996 to 17.3 per 100 000 live births in 2009. The decline was more pronounced in rural than in urban areas. The most common causes of maternal death during this period were obstetric hemorrhage (43.8%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (15.8%), amniotic fluid embolism (13.9%) and heart disease (8.0%). The MMR was higher in rural areas with lower income, less education and poorer health care. Conclusion: There was a remarkable decrease in the MMR in Henan Province between 1996 and 2009 mainly in the rural areas and MMR due to direct obstetric causes such as obstetric hemorrhage. This study indicates that improving the health care network for women, training of obstetric staff at basic-level units, promoting maternal education, and increasing household income are important interventional strategies to reduce the MMR further.
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