| 1. |
- Bertrand, Yann, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic surrogacy in biodiversity assessments, and the meaning of Linnaean ranks
- 2006
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Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. ; 4:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of biodiversity assessments use species as the base unit. Recently, a series of studies have suggested replacing numbers of species with higher ranked taxa (genera, families, etc.); a method known as taxonomic surrogacy that has an important potential to save time and resources in assesments of biological diversity. We examine the relationships between taxa and ranks, and suggest that species/higher taxon exchanges are founded on misconceptions about the properties of Linnaean classification. Rank allocations in current classifications constitute a heterogeneous mixture of various historical and contemporary views. Even if all taxa were monophyletic, those referred to the same rank would simply denote separate clades without further equivalence. We conclude that they are no more comparable than any other, non-nested taxa, such as, for example, the genus Rattus and the phylum Arthropoda, and that taxonomic surrogacy lacks justification. These problems are also illustrated with data of polychaetous annelid worms from a broad-scale study of benthic biodiversity and species distributions in the Irish Sea. A recent consensus phylogeny for polychaetes is used to provide three different family-level classifications of polychaetes. We use families as a surrogate for species, and present Shannon–Wiener diversity indices for the different sites and the three different classifications, showing how the diversity measures rely on subjective rank allocations
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| 2. |
- Cederwall, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomisk provningsjämförelse med marin mjukbottenfauna
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket har vi utfört en taxonomisk provningsjämförelse med marin mjubottenfauna. Testet innebär att de laboratorier som utför identifikationsarbeten av marin mjukbottenfauna från Östersjön och svenska västkusten artbestämmer prover som koordinatorerna har sänt till dem. Resultaten används sedan för att bedöma felprocent i bestämningarna och få ett mått på vilken precision och variation som förekommer.
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| 3. |
- Eklöf, Jenny, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of benthic Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta) based on morphological and molecular data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 45:1, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined molecular (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI) and morphological analysis of the benthic phyllodocids is presented for the first time. Nineteen phyllodocids and two outgroup taxa are assessed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. We demonstrate high degrees in homoplasy in the traditionally used morphological phyllodocid characters, and show that all the three current subfamilies Phyllodocinae, Eteoninae and Notophyllinae are non-monophyletic. The genera Eulalia, Eumida, Protomystides, Pseudomystides, Pterocirrus and Sige form a well-supported group, as does Mystides and Nereiphylla. Another clade with strong support includes Eteone and Paranaitis, although with Eteone nested within a paraphyletic Paranaitis. The relationship between these two taxa indicate that the unusual arrangement of modified cirri on the first segments in Eteone is due to a fusion of segment 1 and 2 where the cirri of segment 1 have been reduced. Eulalia is non-monophyletic and should be split, minimally into two groups. Our results are ambiguous regarding the ancestral phyllodocid condition of absence–presence of median antenna or nuchal papilla and uniramous or biramous parapodia, but shows that the absence of cirri on segment 3 (previously an apomorphy, for e.g., Mystides, Pseudomystides and Hesionura) is maximally homoplastic.
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| 4. |
- Glasby, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Worms by number
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 275:1647, s. 2071-2076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates alternation patterns in length, shape and orientation of dorsal cirri (fleshy segmental appendages) of phyllodocidans, a large group of polychaete worms (Annelida). We document the alternation patterns in several families of Phyllodocida (Syllidae, Hesionidae, Sigalionidae, Polynoidae, Aphroditidae and Acoetidae) and identify the simple mathematical rule bases that describe the progression of these sequences. Two fundamentally different binary alternation patterns were found on the first four segments: 1011 for nereidiform families and 1010 for aphroditiform families. The alternation pattern in all aphroditiform families matches a simple one-dimensional cellular automaton and that for Syllidae (nereidiform) matches the Fibonacci string sequence. Hesionidae (nereidiform) showed the greatest variation in alternation patterns, but all corresponded to various known substitution rules. Comparison of binary patterns of the first 22 segments using a distance measure supports the current ideas on phylogeny within Phyllodocida. These results suggest that gene(s) involved in post-larval segmental growth employ a switching sequence that corresponds to simple mathematical substitution rules.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mackie, A. S. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Revision of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 (Aberrantidae : Annelida), with descriptions of new species from the Mediterranean and Hong Kong
- 2005
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565. ; 26:3-4, s. 197-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new species of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 are described from southeast France and Hong Kong, China. The two previously known species, A. enigmatica Hartman, 1965 and A. palpata Wolf, 1987 are redescribed from type and other material. Aberranta banyulensis n. sp. resembles A. palpata, and its internal and external morphology are examined further using histological, transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Aberranta sulcata n. sp. is morphologically closest to A. enigmatica. The relationships between Aberranta and other polychaetes are discussed in light of a recent morphological and molecular analysis involving Nerillidae and Aciculata. The relationships among the Aberranta species are examined in a morphology-based cladistic analysis, using an amphinomid and three nerillids as outgroups.
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| 7. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A new species of Myrianida (Syllidae, Polychaeta) from Belize
- 2007
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326. ; 1595, s. 17-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe Myrianida gidholmi sp. n. from shallow waters in Belize. It is characterized by a unique colour pattern consisting of red transverse and longitudinal bands. We determine its phylogenetic position within Myrianida using a combined approach with morphological and molecular data. The new species is compared to relevant Myrianida taxa and important features for morphological identification are listed in a table. The new combinations Myrianida tyrrhenica (Cognetti, 1953) and M. cognetti (Çinar & Gambi, 2005) are introduced, and Autolytus antondohrni Çinar & Gambi, 2005, is synonymized with M. tyrrhenica. We also provide a checklist of all taxa belonging to Myrianida.
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