| 1. |
- Demirel, Isak, 1987-
(författare)
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Uropathogenic Esherichia coli, multidrug-resistance and induction of host defense mechanisms
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), which is one of the most common infections in humans. UPEC strains have acquired successful strategies to subvert the host defense and antibiotics to persist in the urinary tract. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the host defense mechanisms during a UPEC infection in vitro.The results showed that SOCS3, a key regulator of the immune system, was increased in bladder epithelial cells in response to a UPEC infection. In addition, UPEC decreased the phosphorylation of the SOCS3 regulated transcription factor STAT3. Nitric oxide (NO), a host-derived antimicrobial factor was shown to increase the release of IL-6 from renal epithelial cells alone or in combination with UPEC. The induction of IL-6 was mediated by ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling and NO was also shown to attenuate UPEC-induced IL-6 mRNA degradation. Furthermore, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing UPEC isolates were shown to induce higher PMN migration and ROS-production, but lower cytokine secretion from renal epithelial cells than susceptible isolates. Ineffective ceftibuten treatment of ESBL isolates induced bacterial filamentation associated with an increased release of ATP and LPS, with a subsequent enhancement of the ESBL evoked host response.Taken together, the findings show that UPEC can induce SOCS3, a suppressor of host responses and that NO can regulate proinflammatory mediators. In addition, the data suggest that there are differences between ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing isolates ability to evoke a host response. Exposing resistant isolates to ineffective antibiotics was shown to alter the evoked host response.
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| 2. |
- Svensson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Role of flavohemoglobin in combating nitrosative stress in uropathogenic Escherichia coli : implications for urinary tract infection
- 2010
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Ingår i: Microbial Pathogenesis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0882-4010 .- 1096-1208. ; 49:3, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the course of urinary tract infection (UTI) nitric oxide (NO) is generated as part of the host response. This study investigates the significance of the NO-detoxifying enzyme flavohemoglobin (Hmp) in protection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) against nitrosative stress. An hmp (J96Deltahmp) knockout mutant of UPEC strain J96 was constructed using single-gene deletion. The viability of J96Deltahmp was significantly reduced (P<0.001) compared to the wild-type strain after exposure to the NO-donor DETA/NO. The NO consumption in J96Deltahmp was significantly (P<0.001) impaired compared to J96wt. Screening UPEC isolates from patients with UTI revealed increased hmp expression in all patients. In a competition-based mouse model of UTI, the hmp mutant strain was significantly (P<0.05) out-competed by the wild-type strain. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Hmp contributes to the protection of UPEC against NO-mediated toxicity in vitro. In addition, hmp gene expression occurs in UPEC isolates from the infected human urinary tract and UPEC that were hmp-deficient had a reduced ability to colonize the mouse urinary tract. Taken together the results suggest that NO detoxification by Hmp may be a fitness advantage factor in UPEC, and a potentially interesting target for development of novel treatment concepts for UTI.
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