| 1. |
- Popović-Bijelić, Ana, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition by metal complexes of Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone) : A combined experimental and theoretical study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 1434-1948 .- 1099-1948 .- 0162-0134. ; 105:11, s. 1422-1431
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triapine (3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, 3-AP) is currently the most promising chemotherapeutic compound among the class of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones. Here we report further insights into the mechanism(s) of anticancer drug activity and inhibition of mouse ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) by Triapine. In addition to the metal-free ligand, its iron(III), gallium(III), zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes were studied, aiming to correlate their cytotoxic activities with their effects on the diferric/tyrosyl radical center of the RNR enzyme in vitro. In this study we propose for the first time a potential specific binding pocket for Triapine on the surface of the mouse R2 RNR protein. In our mechanistic model, interaction with Triapine results in the labilization of the diferric center in the R2 protein. Subsequently the Triapine molecules act as iron chelators. In the absence of external reductants, and in presence of the mouse R2 RNR protein, catalytic amounts of the iron(III)–Triapine are reduced to the iron(II)–Triapine complex. In the presence of an external reductant (dithiothreitol), stoichiometric amounts of the potently reactive iron(II)–Triapine complex are formed. Formation of the iron(II)–Triapine complex, as the essential part of the reaction outcome, promotes further reactions with molecular oxygen, which give rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby damage the RNR enzyme. Triapine affects the diferric center of the mouse R2 protein and, unlike hydroxyurea, is not a potent reductant, not likely to act directly on the tyrosyl radical.
|
|
| 2. |
- Öhrström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibition of chlamydial class Ic ribonucleotide reductase by C-terminal peptides from protein R2
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Peptide Science. - : Wiley. - 1075-2617 .- 1099-1387. ; 17:11, s. 756-762
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia trachomatis ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a class Ic RNR. It has two homodimeric subunits: proteins R1 and R2. Class Ic protein R2 in its most active form has a manganese-iron metal cofactor, which functions in catalysis like the tyrosyl radical in classical class Ia and Ib RNRs. Oligopeptides with the same sequence as the C-terminus of C. trachomatis protein R2 inhibit the catalytic activity of C. trachomatis RNR, showing that the class Ic enzyme shares a similar highly specific inhibition mechanism with the previously studied radical-containing class Ia and Ib RNRs. The results indicate that the catalytic mechanism of this class of RNRs with a manganese-iron cofactor is similar to that of the tyrosyl-radical-containing RNRs, involving reversible long-range radical transfer between proteins R1 and R2. The competitive binding of the inhibitory R2-derived oligopeptide blocks the transfer pathway. We have constructed three-dimensional structure models of C. trachomatis protein R1, based on homologous R1 crystal structures, and used them to discuss possible binding modes of the peptide to protein R1. Typical half maximal inhibitory concentration values for C. trachomatis RNR are about 200 µ m for a 20-mer peptide, indicating a less efficient inhibition compared with those for an equally long peptide in the Escherichia coli class Ia RNR. A possible explanation is that the C. trachomatis R1/R2 complex has other important interactions, in addition to the binding mediated by the R1 interaction with the C-terminus of protein R2.
|
|
