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| 3. |
- Savolainen, Vincent, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the eudicots : a nearly complete familial analysis based on rbcL gene sequences
- 2000
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Ingår i: Kew bulletin. - 0075-5974 .- 1874-933X. ; 55:2, s. 257-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A phylogenetic analysis of 589 plastid rbcL gene sequences representing nearly all eudicot families (a total of 308 families; seven photosynthetic and four parasitic families are missing) was performed, and bootstrap re-sampling was used to assess support for clades. Based on these data, the ordinal classification of eudicots is revised following the previous classification of angiosperms by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Putative additional orders are discussed (e.g. Dilleniales, Escalloniales, Vitales), and several additional families are assigned to orders for future updates of the APG classification. The use of rbcL alone in such a large matrix was found to be practical in discovering and providing bootstrap support for most orders. Combination of these data with other matrices for the rest of the angiosperms should provide the framework for a complete phylogeny to be used in macro-evolutionary studies.
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- Trainer, P J, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant.
- 2000
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 342:16, s. 1171-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with acromegaly are currently treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and drugs to reduce hypersecretion of growth hormone, but the treatments may be ineffective and have adverse effects. Pegvisomant is a genetically engineered growth hormone-receptor antagonist that blocks the action of growth hormone.We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind study of three daily doses of pegvisomant (10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg) and placebo, given subcutaneously, in 112 patients with acromegaly.The mean (+/-SD) serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) decreased from base line by 4.0+/-16.8 percent in the placebo group, 26.7+/-27.9 percent in the group that received 10 mg of pegvisomant per day, 50.1+/-26.7 percent in the group that received 15 mg of pegvisomant per day, and 62.5+/-21.3 percent in the group that received 20 mg of pegvisomant per day (P<0.001 for the comparison of each pegvisomant group with placebo), and the concentrations became normal in 10 percent, 54 percent, 81 percent, and 89 percent of patients, respectively (P<0.001 for each comparison with placebo). Among patients treated with 15 mg or 20 mg of pegvisomant per day, there were significant decreases in ring size, soft-tissue swelling, the degree of excessive perspiration, and fatigue. The score fortotal symptoms and signs of acromegaly decreased significantly in all groups receiving pegvisomant (P< or =0.05). The incidence of adverse effects was similar in all groups.On the basis of these preliminary results, treatment of patients who have acromegaly with a growth hormone-receptor antagonist results in a reduction in serum IGF-I concentrations and in clinical improvement.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Rigmor E, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects. I. Focus on osteoporosis.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 29:9, s. 796-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OPOR) is a common chronic disease, especially in older women. Patients are often unaware of the condition until they experience bone fractures. Studies have suggested that OPOR and periodontitis are associated diseases and exaggerated by cytokine activity. Panoramic radiography (PMX) allows studies of mandibular cortical index (MCI), which is potentially diagnostic for OPOR.AIMS: i). To study the prevalence of self-reported history of OPOR in an older, ethnically diverse population, ii). to assess the agreement between PMX/MCI findings and self-reported OPOR, and iii). to assess the likelihood of having both a self-reported history of OPOR and a diagnosis of periodontitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: PMX and medical history were obtained from 1084 subjects aged 60-75 (mean age 67.6, SD +/- 4.7). Of the films, 90.3% were useful for analysis. PMXs were studied using MCI. The PMXs were used to grade subjects as not having periodontitis or with one of three grades of periodontitis severity.RESULTS: A positive MCI was found in 38.9% of the subjects, in contrast to 8.2% self-reported OPOR. The intraclass correlation between MCI and self-reported OPOR was 0.20 (P < 0.01). The likelihood of an association between OPOR and MCI was 2.6 (95%CI: 1.6, 4.1, P < 0.001). Subjects with self-reported OPOR and a positive MCI had worse periodontal conditions (P < 0.01). The Mantel-Haentzel odds ratio for OPOR and periodontitis was 1.8 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.5, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of positive MCI was high and consistent with epidemiological studies, but only partly consistent with a self-reported history of osteoporosis with a higher prevalence of positive MCI in Chinese women. Horizontal alveolar bone loss is associated with both positive self-reported OPOR and MCI.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Rigmor E, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of periodontal conditions and systemic disease in older subjects. II. Focus on cardiovascular diseases.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 29:9, s. 803-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Panoramic radiographs (PMX)s may provide information about systemic health conditions.AIMS: i). To study clinical periodontal conditions and collect self-reported health status in a cohort of 1084 older subjects; ii). to study signs of alveolar bone loss and carotid calcification from panoramic radiographs obtained from these subjects; and iii). to study associations between study parameters.MATERIAL AND METHODS: PMXs from 1064 adults aged 60-75 (mean age 67.6, SD +/- 4.7) were studied. Signs of alveolar bone loss, vertical defects, and molar furcation radiolucencies defined periodontal status. Medical health histories were obtained via self-reports. Signs of carotid calcification were identified from panoramic radiographs.RESULTS: The PMX allowed assessment of 53% of the films (Seattle 64.5% and Vancouver 48.4%). A self-reported history of a stroke was reported by 8.1% of men in Seattle and 2.9% of men in Vancouver (P < 0.01). Heart attacks were reported by 12% of men in Seattle and 7.2% in Vancouver (N.S.). PMX evidence of periodontitis was found in 48.5% of the subjects, with carotid calcification in 18.6%. The intraclass correlation score for PMX findings of carotid calcification and stroke was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.10-0.35, P < 0.001). The odds ratio for PMX carotid calcification and periodontitis was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3-3.2, P < 0.001), and for PMX carotid calcification and stroke 4.2 (95% CI: 1.9-9.1, P < 0.001). The associations disappeared when smoking was accounted for. A history of a heart attack was associated with stroke, gender, age, and PMX scores of alveolar bone loss.CONCLUSIONS: PMXs may provide valuable information about both oral conditions and signs of carotid calcification, data that are consistent with self-reported health conditions. Alveolar bone loss as assessed from PMXs is associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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| 7. |
- Edwards, NV, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time assessment of overlayer removal on 4H-SiC surfaces : Techniques and relevance to contact formation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 338-3, s. 1033-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We applied real-time spectroscopic ellipsometric (SE) measurements to assess the removal of overlayer material from 4H-SiC Si- and C-face surfaces in order to investigate the final step of an otherwise standard RCA cleaning regimen commonly used to prepare SiC surfaces for contact formation. The selected treatments (buffered hydrofluoric acid (HF), concentrated HF, dilute HF and 5% HF in Methanol) removed 4 to 40 Angstrom of effective SiO2 overlayer thickness from these surfaces. We also found that the concentrated HF treatment yielded the best surface, i.e. the most abrupt bulk-to-ambient transition region.
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| 8. |
- Edwards, NV, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time assessment of selected surface preparation regimens for 4H-SiC surfaces using spectroscopic ellipsometry
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 464:1, s. L703-L707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used to assess the removal of overlayer material from 4H-SiC (0001) and (0001) [Si- and C-face] surfaces in real time and, in particular, the critical final step of an otherwise standard RCA cleaning regimen commonly used to prepare SiC surfaces for contact formation. The treatments selected [buffered hydrofluoric acid (HF), concentrated HF, and dilute HF] removed 4-40 Angstrom of effective SiO2 overlayer thickness from these surfaces. The concentrated HF treatment yielded the best surface, i.e. that with the most abrupt transition region between bulk and surface and with the most oxide material removed. A fourth treatment regimen (sequential application of methanol, water, and 5% HF in methanol) was also developed for comparison with the full RCA clean. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Powell, John, et al.
(författare)
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Laser cutting stainless steel with dual focus lenses
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of laser applications. - : Laser Institute of America. - 1042-346X .- 1938-1387. ; 12:6, s. 224-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article the performance of a new type of lens is compared with traditional meniscus lenses for CO sub 2 laser cutting of medium ( > 5 mm) section stainless steel. Dual Focus lenses produce two focus spots, one above the other. This type of optic was found to be capable of higher cutting speeds and better quality cuts. A phenomenological model is presented which explains the superior performance of Dual Focus lenses. The model concentrates upon the fact that during high speed cutting of medium section metals, the laser does not irradiate the lower portion of the cut zone. This lower part of the cut is heated by the melt flowing over it, which has been previously heated by the laser. This melt preheating involves narrower kerfs and higher cut speeds if a dual focus lens is used.
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