| 1. |
- Ambrosini, Valentina, et al.
(författare)
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Use and perceived utility of [18 F]FDG PET/CT in neuroendocrine neoplasms : A consensus report from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Advisory Board Meeting 2022.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 36:1, s. e13359-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Somatostatin receptor (SST) PET/CT is the gold standard for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NET) imaging. Higher grades of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) show preferential [18F]FDG (FDG) uptake, and even low-grade NET may de-differentiate over time. FDG PET/CT's prognostic role is widely accepted; however, its impact on clinical decision-making remains controversial and its use varies widely. A questionnaire-based survey on FDG PET/CT use and perceived decision-making utility in NEN was submitted to the ENETS Advisory Board Meeting attendees (November 2022, response rate = 70%). In 3/15 statements, agreement was higher than 75%: (i) FDG was considered useful in NET, irrespective of grade, in case of mis-matched lesions (detectable on diagnostic CT but negative/faintly positive on SST PET/CT), especially if PRRT is contemplated (80%); (ii) in NET G3 if curative surgery is considered (82%); and (iii) in NEC prior to surgery with curative intent (98%). FDG use in NET G3, even in the presence of matched lesions, as a baseline for response assessment was favoured by 74%. Four statements obtained more than 60% consensus: (i) FDG use in NET G3 if locoregional therapy is considered (65%); (ii) in neuroendocrine carcinoma before initiating active therapy as a baseline for response assessment (61%); (iii) biopsy to re-assess tumour grade prior to a change in therapeutic management (68%) upon detection of FDG-positivity on the background of a prior G1-2 NET; (iv) 67% were in favour to reconsider PRRT to treat residual SST-positive lesions after achieving complete remission on FDG of the SST-negative disease component. Multidisciplinary opinion broadly supports the use of FDG PET/CT for characterisation of disease biology and to guide treatment selection across a range of indications, despite the lack of full consensus in many situations. This may reflect existing clinical access due to lack of reimbursement or experience with this investigation, which should be addressed by further research.
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| 2. |
- de Erausquin, Gabriel A, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). - : Wiley. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term.This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions.Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD)The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility.The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease.We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a "green paper" to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic.The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.
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| 3. |
- Sartaj, Km, et al.
(författare)
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Detailed mechanistic investigation of stress-induced lipogenesis in oleaginous yeast for value-added metabolites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, a marine red yeast Rhodotorula glutinis ISO A1 cultivated under combinations of artificial seawater (ASW) and sewage wastewater (SWW) has been subjected to detailed mechanistic investigations via physiological and biochemical analysis to dissect the pathway of halotolerance behavior and carbon flux channelization towards enhanced lipid synthesis. Amid all tested groups (25–100% ASW), cells grown in 25% ASW yielded ∼ 1.4-fold higher lipid yield than glucose synthetic medium (GSM) and revealed metabolic rewiring of cells to channelize carbon pools for producing neutral lipids of vehicular quality. Detailed carbohydrate profiling showed enhanced glycerol, trehalose, mannose, and xylitol/arabitol under saline stress, suggesting the interplay of these metabolites to impart tolerance against osmotic imbalance. Further, the strengthened enzymatic activity (glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase) and non-enzymatic metabolites (betaine, proline) highlighted the active yeast defence network to counter altered redox state arise due to high salinity. The stress-induced responses also constituted substantial variations in membrane fluidity and production of biodiesel-quality lipids. Further findings like low thermal degradation temperature (at ∼ 265°C) and high chitin (can be converted into chitosan) entity in yeast de-oiled biomass primarily derived from yeast cells grown under contaminated environment; sea and sewage wastewater, signified its potential utilization for chitosan recovery, a commercially important product. Conclusively, this study elucidated a competent model of yeast-based biorefinery approach integrating seawater-wastewater utilization and simultaneous production of biodiesel and value-added products vital for a sustainable and circular bioeconomy.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Seferovic, Petar M., et al.
(författare)
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Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure: beyond glycaemic control. A position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : WILEY. - 1388-9842 .- 1879-0844. ; 22:9, s. 1495-1503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart failure (HF) is common and associated with a poor prognosis, despite advances in treatment. Over the last decade cardiovascular outcome trials with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have demonstrated beneficial effects for three SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin) in reducing hospitalisations for HF. More recently, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening HF or death from cardiovascular causes in patients with chronic HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of additional trials in HF patients with reduced and/or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction are ongoing and/or about to be reported. The present position paper summarises recent clinical trial evidence and discusses the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of HF, pending the results of ongoing trials in different populations of patients with HF.
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| 6. |
- Sharma, Rohit, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Water Pollution Using Different Physicochemical Parameters : A Study of Yamuna River
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - USA : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-665X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yamuna river has become one of the most polluted rivers in India as well as in the world because of the high-density population growth and speedy industrialization. The Yamuna river is severely polluted and needs urgent revival. The Yamuna river in Dehradun is polluted due to exceptional tourist activity, poor sewage facilities, and insufficient wastewater management amenities. The measurement of the quality can be done by water quality assessment. In this study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at Dehradun using monthly measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. Trend forecasting for river water pollution has been performed using different parameters for the years 2020–2024 at Dehradun. The study shows that the values of four parameters namely, Temperature, Total Coliform, TDS, and Hardness are increasing yearly, whereas the values of pH and DO are not rising heavily. The considered physicochemical parameters for the study are TDS, Chlorides, Alkalinity, DO, Temperature, COD, BOD, pH, Magnesium, Hardness, Total Coliform, and Calcium. As per the results and trend analysis, the value of total coliform, temperature, and hardness are rising year by year, which is a matter of concern. The values of the considered physicochemical parameters have been monitored using various monitoring stations installed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India.
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| 7. |
- Vikash, Vikash, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoparticle de-agglomeration in viscous fluids using different high shear mixer geometries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2509. ; 248:Part A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work, the effect of batch high shear mixer (HSM) geometries is studied on nanoparticles deagglomeration and power draw in water and aqueous glycerol solutions. The kinetics and mechanism of cluster break-up are investigated for disintegrated (less number of larger stator holes), and mesh (higher number of smaller stator holes) heads at different rotor speeds. Mesh head geometry is found to be more efficient for fines generation than disintegrated head. A bi-modal particle size distribution and erosion as dominant break-up mechanism is found. The size of the smallest fines is found to be ≈30 nm for mesh head and ≈50 nm for the disintegrated head. Z-average ranges from 180 to 310 nm for given operating and process conditions. The power draw is more in mesh head and increased with an increase in viscosity. Further, power draw increased with an increase in viscosity of continuous media and rotor speed.
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| 8. |
- Zymakova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of a crossed-slit system for fast alignment of sealed polycapillary X-ray optics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 27, s. 1730-1733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new modification of a table-Top laser-driven water-jet plasma X-ray source has been successfully implemented and commissioned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines user facility. In order to preserve the broadband nature of the source for spectroscopic experiments, a polycapillary lens was initially chosen as the focusing element. Generally, polycapillary X-ray optics have a narrow photon acceptance angle and small field of view, making alignment complicated and time-consuming. This contribution demonstrates a straightforward, reliable and reproducible procedure for aligning polycapillary focusing optics with broadband X-rays. The method involves a pre-Alignment step where two X-ray slits are mounted orthogonally on opposite sides of a 3D-printed cylindrical polycapillary holder. This helps to precisely determine the optical axis of the X-ray beam. Subsequent mounting of the polycapillary in the pre-Aligned holder with the slits removed allowed for immediate transmission of the X-ray photons through the optics and has provided a good starting point for fine alignment.
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