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- Petré, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Two Different Concurrent Training Programs on Strength and Power Gains in Highly-Trained Individuals.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (JSSM). - 1303-2968. ; 17:2, s. 167-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of concurrent strength and endurance training have been well studied in untrained and moderately-trained individuals. However, studies examining these effects in individuals with a long history of resistance training (RT) are lacking. Additionally, few studies have examined how strength and power are affected when different types of endurance training are added to an RT protocol. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of concurrent training incorporating either low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 8-24 Tabata intervals at ~150% of VO2max) or high-volume, medium-intensity continuous endurance training (CT, 40-80 min at 70% of VO2max), on the strength and power of highly-trained individuals. Sixteen highly-trained ice-hockey and rugby players were divided into two groups that underwent either CT (n = 8) or HIIT (n = 8) in parallel with RT (2-6 sets of heavy parallel squats, > 80% of 1RM) during a 6-week period (3 sessions/wk). Parallel squat performance improved after both RT + CT and RT + HIIT (12 ± 8% and 14 ± 10% respectively, p < 0.01), with no difference between the groups. However, aerobic power (VO2max) only improved after RT + HIIT (4 ± 3%, p < 0.01). We conclude that strength gains can be obtained after both RT + CT and RT + HIIT in athletes with a prior history of RT. This indicates that the volume and/or intensity of the endurance training does not influence the magnitude of strength improvements during short periods of concurrent training, at least for highly-trained individuals when the endurance training is performed after RT. However, since VO2max improved only after RT + HIIT and this is a time efficient protocol, we recommend this type of concurrent endurance training.
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- Psilander, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Adding strength to endurance training does not enhance aerobic capacity in cyclists
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 25:4, s. e353-e359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The molecular signaling of mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced when resistance exercise is added to a bout of endurance exercise. The purpose of the present study was to examine if this mode of concurrent training translates into increased mitochondrial content and improved endurance performance. Moderately trained cyclists performed 8 weeks (two sessions per week) of endurance training only (E, n = 10; 60-min cycling) or endurance training followed by strength training (ES, n = 9; 60-min cycling + leg press). Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the training period and analyzed for enzyme activities and protein content. Only the ES group increased in leg strength (+19%, P < 0.01), sprint peak power (+5%, P < 0.05), and short-term endurance (+9%, P < 0.01). In contrast, only the E group increased in muscle citrate synthase activity (+11%, P = 0.06), lactate threshold intensity (+3%, P < 0.05), and long-term endurance performance (+4%, P < 0.05). Content of mitochondrial proteins and cycling economy was not affected by training. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results demonstrate that concurrent training does not enhance muscle aerobic capacity and endurance performance in cyclists.
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| 4. |
- Psilander, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of training, detraining, and retraining on strength, hypertrophy, and myonuclear number in human skeletal muscle
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 126:6, s. 1636-1645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously trained mouse muscles acquire strength and volume faster than naive muscles; it has been suggested that this is related to increased myonuclear density. The present study aimed to determine whether a previously strength-trained leg (mem-leg) would respond better to a period of strength training than a previously untrained leg (con-leg). Nine men and 10 women performed unilateral strength training (T1) for 10 wk, followed by 20 wk of detraining (DT) and a 5-wk bilateral retraining period (T2). Muscle biopsies were taken before and after each training period and analyzed for myonuclear number, fiber volume, and cross-sectional area (CSA). Ultrasound and one repetition of maximum leg extension were performed to determine muscle thickness (MT) and strength. CSA (similar to 17%), MT (similar to 10%), and strength (similar to 20%) increased during T1 in the mem-leg. However, the myonuclear number and fiber volume did not change. MT and CSA returned to baseline values during DT, but strength remained elevated (similar to 60%), supporting previous findings of a long-lasting motor learning effect. MT and strength increased similarly in the mem-leg and con-leg during T2, whereas CSA, fiber volume, and myonuclear number remained unaffected. In conclusion, training response during T2 did not differ between the mem-leg and con-leg. However, this does not discount the existence of human muscle memory. since no increase in the number of myonuclei was detected during T1 and no clear detraining effect was observed for cell size during DT; thus, the present data did not allow for a rigorous test of the muscle memory hypothesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY If a long-lasting intramuscular memory exists in humans. this will affect strength-training advice for both athletes and the public. Based on animal experiments, we hypothesized that such a memory exists and that it is related to the myonuclear number. However, a period of unilateral strength training, followed by detraining, did not increase the myonuclear number. The training response, during a subsequent bilateral retraining period, was not enhanced in the previously trained leg.
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| 5. |
- Psilander, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Retention of myonuclei after grave atrophy in human skeletal muscle, a case study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Volume 219, Issue S710 February 2017. - : Wiley. ; , s. 14-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: the current textbook model suggests that the myonuclear domain size is constant for muscle fibers in both their atrophic and hypertrophic state. However, recent animal studies show that myonuclear content is maintained after atrophy leading to a decreased myonuclear domain size (Gundersen et al. J Physiol. 2008 Jun 1;586(11):2675-81). This remains to be investigated in human skeletal muscle and the aim of the present study was therefore to study the effect of grave atrophy on myonuclear content and domain size in the vastus medialis muscle.Materials and Methods: biopsies were obtained from vastus medialis on a 22 year old female patient before and 6 weeks after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionand meniscus repair surgery. Histochemical analyses were done to analyze fiber cross sectional area (CSA), fiber type composition and number of myonuclei per fiber.Results: the CSA of type II muscle fibers decreased by 35% (from 4297±55 to 2807±64 µm2) whereas the number of myonuclei per fiber remained stable (3.4±0.4 and 3.9±0.5, pre and post respectively). The nuclear domain size was thereby decreased by ~40% (from 1255 to 722 µm2). There were only minor changes in type I muscle fiber CSA, myonuclei content and domain size.Conclusion: in line with previous findings from animal studies, the present case study shows that the number of myonuclei per fiber is maintained and the domain size is reduced in human skeletal muscle after immobilization induced atrophy.
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| 6. |
- Psilander, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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The cross-education effect in men and woman after unilateral strength training and detraining
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IntroductionIt is well known that muscle strength increases in both the untrained and trained limb after a period of unilateral strength training. However, it is not known how this so called cross-education effect (CE-effect) is affected by a long period of detraining, and if there are any sex differences. Also, there are conflicting results regarding the effect of unilateral training on muscle mass in the untrained limb.AimThe primary objective was to study the CE-effect in men and women after a period of unilateral strength training and detraining. The secondary objective was to study if training one limb would affect the muscle mass of the homologous opposite limb.Method Sixteen untrained individuals, 9 females and 7 males, completed the study. The training intervention was 10 weeks (34 sessions) of unilateral strength training (leg press (LP) and leg extension (LE) exercise). 1RM and muscle thickness (vastus lateralis) were measured pre-, post- and 20 weeks post-training.Results Strength (1RM) in the trained leg increased for both men and woman (LP: ~60%, LE ~20%, p<0.01), with no sex differences. However, only the men had a strength increase in the untrained leg (LP: 26%, LE: 10%, p<0.05) and the non-significant increase observed for the woman (LP: 10%, LE: 3%) was significantly smaller than the increase in the men (p<0.05). Muscle thickness increased similarly for both men and women (trained leg: ~14%, p<0.01; untrained leg: ~4%, p<0.05). The detraining period did not affect strength, but muscle thickness was reduced close to pre-training values in both men and women.Conclusion The results of the present study show that the CE-effect is larger in men than women, and that it is long lasting (at least 20 weeks). Further, strength training of one leg can increase the muscle mass of the homologous opposite leg.
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| 7. |
- Psilander, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
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Överdriven oro för kombinationsträning
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :1, s. 8-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Många som vill öka sin muskelmassa och styrka undviker uthållighetsträning. En vanlig åsikt är nämligen att man inte bör kombinera styrke ochuthållighetsträning. Den uppfattningen har däremot inget stöd i den senaste forskningen.
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