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- Pyko, A., et al.
(författare)
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Transportation noise and incidence of hypertension
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 221:8, s. 1133-1141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The evidence on exposure to transportation noise and development of hypertension is inconclusive, mostly because of a lack of high quality studies of longitudinal design. Objectives: This cohort study aimed at investigating the association between exposure to road traffic, railway or aircraft noise and incidence of hypertension. We also assessed effects of varying lengths of exposure as well as of multiple sources of exposure. Methods: Based on the residential histories of a cohort of 4854 men and women from Stockholm County, we estimated the residential exposure to road traffic, railway and aircraft noise in 1, 5 and 10 year time-periods. Hypertension was assessed by blood pressure measurements, information from questionnaires and hospital diagnoses. Extensive information on potential confounders was available from repeated questionnaires and registers. Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of hypertension related to noise exposure was computed from Cox regression models. Results: We observed a positive association between aircraft noise exposure and incidence of hypertension with a HR of 1.16 (95% CI 1.08-1.24) per 10 dB L-den 5 years preceding the event. No clear differences in risk were indicated between the three exposure time windows. Road traffic and railway noise were not associated with incidence of hypertension during any of the exposure periods. There appeared to be a particularly high risk of hypertension among persons exposed to both aircraft and road traffic noise >= 45 dB L-den with an HR of 1.39 (95% CI 1.14-1.70). Conclusions: Exposure to aircraft noise may result in increased risk of hypertension.
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- Wallas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Road traffic noise and determinants of saliva cortisol levels among adolescents
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 221:2, s. 276-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The understanding of determinants for saliva cortisol levels in adolescents is limited. This study investigated the role of road traffic noise exposure, noise annoyance and various other factors for saliva cortisol levels. Methods: We collected morning and evening saliva samples from 1751 adolescents from the BAMSE birth cohort based in Stockholm County. Facade noise levels from road traffic were estimated at the residences of the study subjects and repeated questionnaires and medical examinations provided extensive information on various exposures and conditions, including annoyance to noise from different sources. Cortisol was measured using radioimmunoassay. Associations between determinants and saliva cortisol levels were analysed using linear regression. Results: Morning saliva cortisol levels were significantly higher in females than in males (geometric mean 42.4 and 35.0 nmol/l, respectively) as well as in subjects with allergy related diseases. Height and age were related to saliva cortisol levels as well as sampling season. Road traffic noise exposure was not associated with saliva cortisol, however, annoyance to noise tended to increase the levels. Saliva cortisol levels appeared particularly high among those who were highly annoyed and exposed to road traffic noise levels >= 55 dB L-den(50.5 nmol/l, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that individual perception of noise may be of importance for saliva cortisol levels. The results also point to the complexity of using saliva cortisol as a marker of noise exposure in adolescents.
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