| 1. |
- Abel, I, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results with the ITER-like wall
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 53:10, s. 104002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the completion in May 2011 of the shutdown for the installation of the beryllium wall and the tungsten divertor, the first set of JET campaigns have addressed the investigation of the retention properties and the development of operational scenarios with the new plasma-facing materials. The large reduction in the carbon content (more than a factor ten) led to a much lower Z(eff) (1.2-1.4) during L- and H-mode plasmas, and radiation during the burn-through phase of the plasma initiation with the consequence that breakdown failures are almost absent. Gas balance experiments have shown that the fuel retention rate with the new wall is substantially reduced with respect to the C wall. The re-establishment of the baseline H-mode and hybrid scenarios compatible with the new wall has required an optimization of the control of metallic impurity sources and heat loads. Stable type-I ELMy H-mode regimes with H-98,H-y2 close to 1 and beta(N) similar to 1.6 have been achieved using gas injection. ELM frequency is a key factor for the control of the metallic impurity accumulation. Pedestal temperatures tend to be lower with the new wall, leading to reduced confinement, but nitrogen seeding restores high pedestal temperatures and confinement. Compared with the carbon wall, major disruptions with the new wall show a lower radiated power and a slower current quench. The higher heat loads on Be wall plasma-facing components due to lower radiation made the routine use of massive gas injection for disruption mitigation essential.
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| 2. |
- Romanelli, F, et al.
(författare)
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Overview of the JET results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1741-4326 .- 0029-5515. ; 51:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the last IAEA Conference JET has been in operation for one year with a programmatic focus on the qualification of ITER operating scenarios, the consolidation of ITER design choices and preparation for plasma operation with the ITER-like wall presently being installed in JET. Good progress has been achieved, including stationary ELMy H-mode operation at 4.5 MA. The high confinement hybrid scenario has been extended to high triangularity, lower ρ*and to pulse lengths comparable to the resistive time. The steady-state scenario has also been extended to lower ρ*and ν*and optimized to simultaneously achieve, under stationary conditions, ITER-like values of all other relevant normalized parameters. A dedicated helium campaign has allowed key aspects of plasma control and H-mode operation for the ITER non-activated phase to be evaluated. Effective sawtooth control by fast ions has been demonstrated with3He minority ICRH, a scenario with negligible minority current drive. Edge localized mode (ELM) control studies using external n = 1 and n = 2 perturbation fields have found a resonance effect in ELM frequency for specific q95values. Complete ELM suppression has, however, not been observed, even with an edge Chirikov parameter larger than 1. Pellet ELM pacing has been demonstrated and the minimum pellet size needed to trigger an ELM has been estimated. For both natural and mitigated ELMs a broadening of the divertor ELM-wetted area with increasing ELM size has been found. In disruption studies with massive gas injection up to 50% of the thermal energy could be radiated before, and 20% during, the thermal quench. Halo currents could be reduced by 60% and, using argon/deuterium and neon/deuterium gas mixtures, runaway electron generation could be avoided. Most objectives of the ITER-like ICRH antenna have been demonstrated; matching with closely packed straps, ELM resilience, scattering matrix arc detection and operation at high power density (6.2 MW m-2) and antenna strap voltages (42 kV). Coupling measurements are in very good agreement with TOPICA modelling. © 2011 IAEA, Vienna.
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| 3. |
- Schander, C, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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The fauna of hydrothermal vents on the Mohn Ridge (North Atlantic)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - 1745-1000. ; 6:2, s. 155-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The macrofauna of the newly discovered hydrothermal vent field on the Mohn Ridge at 71 degrees N was investigated. Samples were collected during the cruise BIODEEP 2006 using the ROV 'Bathysaurus'. A total of 180 species-level taxa were identified. The region contains very few vent-endemic species, but some species of Porifera, Crustacea and Mollusca may be vent-associated. Dense aggregations of motile non-vent species such as Heliometra glacialis and Gorgonocephalus eucnemis surrounded the vent area, but the area in general only held small numbers of sedentary animals. Calcareous sponges comprised an unusually high portion of the sponge species found and they constitute one of the first pioneers among the sessile invertebrates settling on these vents. Possible explanations for the structure of the fauna in the region are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Schinazi, Raymond F., et al.
(författare)
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Selection and Characterization of HIV-1 with a Novel S68 Deletion in Reverse Transcriptase
- 2011
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 55:5, s. 2054-2060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) represents a significant problem in the design of novel therapeutics and the management of treatment regimens in infected persons. Resistance profiles can be elucidated by defining modifications to the viral genome conferred upon exposure to novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTI). In vitro testing of HIV-1(LAI)-infected primary human lymphocytes treated with beta-D-2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydro-5-fluorocytidine (DFC; Dexelvucitabine; Reverset) produced a novel deletion of AGT at codon 68 (S68 Delta) alone and in combination with K65R that differentially affects drug response. Dual-approach clone techniques utilizing TOPO cloning and pyrosequencing confirmed the novel S68 Delta in the HIV-1 genome. The S68 Delta HIV-1 RT was phenotyped against various antiviral agents in a heteropolymeric DNA polymerase assay and in human lymphocytes. Drug susceptibility results indicate that the S68 Delta displayed a 10- to 30-fold increase in resistance to DFC, lamivudine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, abacavir, and amdoxovir and modest resistance to stavudine, beta-D-2',3'-oxa-5-fluorocytidine, or 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) guanine and remained susceptible to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 1-(beta-D-dioxolane) thymine (DOT) and lopinavir. Modeling revealed a central role for S68 in affecting conformation of the beta 3-beta 4 finger region and provides a rational for the selective resistance. These data indicate that the novel S68 Delta is a previously unrecognized deletion that may represent an important factor in NRTI multidrug resistance treatment strategies.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Marty, Douglas A., et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing diversion from state mental health hospitals
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. - : Hampstead Psychological Associates. - 1475-7192. ; 18:2, s. 143-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: While there has been much research on predictors of psychiatric hospitalizations there has been little research on the community resources, supports and processes used to divert a hospital episode. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by studying (1) the community resources available as an alternative to state psychiatric hospitalization; and (2) the practices exhibited when determining whether state hospitalization is necessary. Methods: A mixed methods design was developed. The purpose of the first arm was to assess what non-hospital resources were available to mental health centers. The second arm looked at the processes center staff goes through in determining hospitalization or community diversion. Results: Differences were noted between centers with high and those with low diversion rates. Centers that tended to use the state hospital less had more community diversion resources available, had an agency philosophy aimed at diversion, and used processes which included shared decision-making. Further, staff had more experience and established protocols to ensure follow-up services were in place. Conclusions: Agencies that fostered a philosophy and protocol focusing on community diversion, provided alternative resources for consumers in crisis, and had adequate monitoring and training increased diversion rates and avoided unnecessary hospitalizations.
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| 7. |
- Nagel, G, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic syndrome and rare gynecological cancers in the Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project (Me-Can)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Oxford Journals. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 22:6, s. 1339-1345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Risk factors for rare gynecological cancers are largely unknown. Initial research has indicated that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or individual components could play a role. Materials and methods: The Metabolic syndrome and Cancer project cohort includes 288 834 women. During an average follow-up of 11 years, 82 vulvar, 26 vaginal and 43 other rare gynecological cancers were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated fitting Cox proportional hazards regression models for tertiles and standardized z-scores [with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation (SD) of 1] of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and MetS. Risk estimates were corrected for random error in the measurement of metabolic factors. RESULTS: The MetS was associated with increased risk of vulvar [HR 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-2.41) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07-3.25). Among separate MetS components, 1 SD increase in BMI was associated with overall risk (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.66), vulvar (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.69) and vaginal cancer (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.46). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations were associated with increased risk of vulvar cancer (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.10-3.58 and HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.39-3.15, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results from this first prospective study on rare gynecological cancers suggest that the MetS and its individual components may play a role in the development of these tumors.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic and structural properties of Laves-phase MgZn(2) of varying chemical disorder
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 82:2, s. 024202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The C14 Laves-phase MgZn(2) has been investigated from 30 to 36 at. % Mg. In this way chemical disorder can be monitored over a limited concentration range and the influence on electron properties can be investigated. Our studies include thermodynamic calculations of atomic configurations of Mg and Zn at off-stoichiometric compositions, electronic-transport measurements, and electronic band-structure calculations of MgZn(2). The disorder introduced by alloying was found to be substitutional for all C14 alloys, and to have a markedly stronger effect on resistivity and magnetoresistance, Delta rho(B)/rho(0), on the Mg-rich side due to strain introduced when Mg substitutes for Zn. rho(T) and Hall constant were characteristic for weakly disordered binary alloys. Delta rho/rho of MgZn(2) was large, reached 6 at 4.2 K and 8 T, and decreased strongly at off-stoichiometric compositions. The results are discussed in view of the band-structure results and in terms of relations between atomic order and electronic properties. Several properties were found to resemble pure Zn. An empirical correlation over more than six orders of magnitude in Delta rho/rho was found for Zn and Zn-based alloys.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Campbell, Susan R., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of CommonGround software and decision support center
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. - : Routledge. - 1548-7768 .- 1548-7776. ; 17:2, s. 166-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Located in a community mental health center, the first decision support center in psychiatry used peer support and an Internet-based software program, CommonGround, to assist consumers in decisional uncertainty about psychiatric medication use and to foster shared decision making between the consumer and prescriber. This study examined the impact of the decision support center on the consumer-doctor interaction in the medication consultation. A pretest/posttest design assigned consumers to either an experimental or control group for 4 months. The Measure of Patient-Centered Communication (MPCC) (Brown, Stewart, McCracken, McWhinney, & Levenstein, 1986) was used to evaluate the medication consultation. The Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness Questionnaire (PPPC) (Stewart, Meredith, Ryan, & Brown, 2004) was used to evaluate the consumer's and prescriber's perceptions of the consultation. A one-way multivariate analysis of covariance was not significant for the combined dependent variable of the measures at Time 2, while controlling for the measures at Time 1. When the CommonGround report was referenced in the experimental group, post hoc analyses revealed significant differences (t[41] = 4.14, p =.001) in the PPCC-consumer score. This study provides provisional evidence of the effectiveness of a shared decision-making intervention. The clinical potential of a program that assists mental health consumers in communicating decisional uncertainty and developing shared decisions concerning medication use is worthy of further study.
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