| 1. |
- Rasmussen, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Letter to the editor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 79:7, s. 2774-2775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersen, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Emissions of soot, PAHs, ultrafine particles, NOx, and other health relevant compounds from stressed burning of candles in indoor air
- 2021
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 31:6, s. 2033-2048
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burning candles release a variety of pollutants to indoor air, some of which are of concern for human health. We studied emissions of particles and gases from the stressed burning of five types of pillar candles with different wax and wick compositions. The stressed burning was introduced by controlled fluctuating air velocities in a 21.6 m3 laboratory chamber. The aerosol physicochemical properties were measured both in well-mixed chamber air and directly above the candle flame with online and offline techniques. All candles showed different emission profiles over time with high repeatability among replicates. The particle mass emissions from stressed burning for all candle types were dominated by soot (black carbon; BC). The wax and wick composition strongly influenced emissions of BC, PM2.5 , and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and to lower degree ultrafine particles, inorganic and organic carbon fraction of PM, but did not influence NOx , formaldehyde, and gas-phase PAHs. Measurements directly above the flame showed empirical evidence of short-lived strong emission peaks of soot particles. The results show the importance of including the entire burn time of candles in exposure assessments, as their emissions can vary strongly over time. Preventing stressed burning of candles can reduce exposure to pollutants in indoor air.
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| 4. |
- Arnarsson, Arsaell, et al.
(författare)
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:5, s. 502-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) 2019. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.
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| 5. |
- Aslam, Tayyba N., et al.
(författare)
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A survey of preferences for respiratory support in the intensive care unit for patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 67:10, s. 1383-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWhen caring for mechanically ventilated adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), clinicians are faced with an uncertain choice between ventilator modes allowing for spontaneous breaths or ventilation fully controlled by the ventilator. The preferences of clinicians managing such patients, and what motivates their choice of ventilator mode, are largely unknown. To better understand how clinicians preferences may impact the choice of ventilatory support for patients with AHRF, we issued a survey to an international network of intensive care unit (ICU) researchers.MethodsWe distributed an online survey with 32 broadly similar and interlinked questions on how clinicians prioritise spontaneous or controlled ventilation in invasively ventilated patients with AHRF of different severity, and which factors determine their choice.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1337 recipients in 12 countries. Of these, 415 (31%) completed the survey either fully (52%) or partially (48%). Most respondents were identified as medical specialists (87%) or physicians in training (11%). Modes allowing for spontaneous ventilation were considered preferable in mild AHRF, with controlled ventilation considered as progressively more important in moderate and severe AHRF. Among respondents there was strong support (90%) for a randomised clinical trial comparing spontaneous with controlled ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.ConclusionsThe responses from this international survey suggest that there is clinical equipoise for the preferred ventilator mode in patients with AHRF of moderate severity. We found strong support for a randomised trial comparing modes of ventilation in patients with moderate AHRF.
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| 6. |
- Bomholt, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of HbA1c, Glycated Albumin and Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glucose Control in the Chronic Kidney Disease Population Including Dialysis.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nephron. Clinical practice. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-8151 .- 2235-3186. ; 145:1, s. 14-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) has limitations as a glycemic marker for patients with diabetes and CKD and for those receiving dialysis. Glycated albumin is an alternative glycemic marker, and some studies have found that glycated albumin more accurately reflects glycemic control than HbA1c in these groups. However, several factors are known to influence the value of glycated albumin including proteinuria. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is another alternative to HbA1c. CGM allows one to assess mean glucose, glucose variability, and the time spent in hypo-, normo-, and hyperglycemia. Currently, several different CGM models are approved for use in patients receiving dialysis; CKD (not on dialysis) is not a contraindication in any of these models. Some devices are for blind recording, while others provide real-time data to patients. Small studies suggest that CGM could improve glycemic control in hemodialysis patients, but this has not been studied for individual CKD stages.SUMMARY: Glycated albumin and CGM avoid the pitfalls of HbA1c in CKD and dialysis populations. However, the value of glycated albumin may be affected by several factors. CGM provides a precise estimation of the mean glucose. Here, we discuss the strengths and limitations for using HbA1c, glycated albumin, or CGM in CKD and dialysis population. Key Messages: Glycated albumin is an alternative glycemic marker but is affected by proteinuria. CGM provides a precise estimation of mean glucose and glucose variability. It remains unclear if CGM improves glycemic control in the CKD and dialysis populations.
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| 7. |
- Egholm, Julie Weber Melchior, et al.
(författare)
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Minor effect of patient education for alcohol cessation intervention on outcomes after acute fracture surgery : A randomized trial of 70 patients
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 93, s. 424-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: High alcohol intake is associated with increased risk of postoperative complications. Alcohol cessation intervention is recommended prior to elective surgery. We investigated short- and long-term effects of perioperative intensive alcohol intervention in relation to acute ankle fracture surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS: 70 patients requiring ankle fracture surgery and consuming ≥ 21 drinks weekly (1 drink = 12 g ethanol) were randomized to a manual-based 6-week intensive standardized alcohol cessation program, the Gold Standard Program (GSP-A), or treatment as usual (TAU), on the day of operation. GSP-A included 5 personal meetings, patient education, and motivational and pharmacological support (alcohol withdrawal prophylaxis, B vitamins, and low-dose disulfiram). Complications requiring treatment were measured after 6 weeks and 1 year. Alcohol intake was validated by biomarkers. Quality of life (QoL) was measured by the SF-36. Hospital costs were obtained from the National Hospital Costs Register.RESULTS: Postoperatively, complete alcohol cessation was higher in the GSP-A than in the TAU group (18/35 vs. 5/35, number needed to treat = 3, p ≤ 0.001), but not lowrisk consumption in the long term (10/35 vs. 7/33, p = 0.5). Number of complications in the short and long term (12/35 vs. 14/33, 16/35 vs. 18/33), the SF-36 score, or hospital costs in the short and long term (€6,294 vs. €8,024, €10,662 vs. €12,198), were similar between the groups.INTERPRETATION: Despite an effect on alcohol cessation and a positive tendency as regards the other outcomes, the postoperative complications, QoL, and costs were similar. Better perioperative strategies for acute surgical patients with high alcohol intake therefore need to be developed.
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| 8. |
- Hovhannisyan, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Very Integrated Program (VIP) : Health promotion for patients with alcohol and drug addiction - A randomized trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 44:7, s. 1456-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Compared to the general population, patients with alcohol and drug addiction have an increased risk of additional hazardous lifestyles and suffer from more chronic diseases, adding to their already significantly higher morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of the Very Integrated Program (VIP) on treatment and health outcomes for patients diagnosed with alcohol and drug addiction.METHODS: Parallel randomized clinical trial with intervention as add-on to addiction care as usual. A total of 322 patients aged 18 years or older were identified, and the study requirements were fulfilled by 219 patients, 7 of whom participated in a pilot. The intervention was a 6-week intensive, tailored, educational program that included motivational interviewing, a smoking cessation program, dietary and physical activity counseling, and patient education. The main outcome measures were substance-free days, time to relapse and treatment adherence assessed after 6 weeks and 12 months. Secondary outcomes were lifestyle factors, symptoms of comorbidity, and quality of life. Missing data were imputed conservatively by using data closest to the follow-up date and baseline values in patients with no follow-up.RESULTS: The 212 patients (intervention, n=113; control, n=99) were randomized, and 202 had complete data for primary outcomes. After 6 weeks, there were no significant differences between the groups regarding primary or secondary outcomes. At the 12-month follow-up, the patients in the control group had significantly more total substance-free days (139 days; ranging 0-365 vs. 265; 0-366, p=0.021) - specifically among the patients with drug addiction - and higher physical and mental quality of life (45 vs 58, p= 0.049 and 54 vs. 66, p=0.037), but not in the per-protocol analysis (60 vs. 46, p=0.52 and 70 vs. 66, p=0.74). The sensitivity analyses did not support significant differences between the groups.CONCLUSION: Overall, adding VIP intervention did not improve outcome of the alcohol or drug addiction care or the lifestyle compared to the addiction care alone. This patient group is still in need of effective programs and new intervention research is required to develop that.
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| 9. |
- Johansen, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of physical activity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy : A scoping review protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: JBI Evidence Synthesis. - 2689-8381. ; 19:9, s. 2339-2349
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map subjective instruments that have been developed for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from birth to 18 years to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior.Introduction:Children and adolescents with cerebral palsy often do not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, even though regular physical activity is an important determinant of good health. Considering the importance of physical activity, there is a need for systematic collection of data on daily activity and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Subjective instruments with clinical utility for use in quality registers are needed to evaluate interventions and investigate the relationship between activity and health outcomes.Inclusion criteria:This review will consider studies that include children and adolescents from birth to 18 years with cerebral palsy across levels I to V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Specifically, this scoping review will report on subjective instruments used to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior and that distinguish between physical activity performance and physical activity capability.Methods:This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will search the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Embase, and PEDro, as well as specific journals relating to physical activity assessment.
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| 10. |
- Korshøj, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate during work and heart rate variability during the following night: a day-by-day investigation on the physical activity paradox among blue-collar workers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH). - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 47:5, s. 387-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesContrary to leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity (OPA) may have harmful health effects, called the physical activity paradox. A proposed mechanism is that OPA can elevate the heart rate (HR) for several hours per day. We aimed to investigate the association between the mean intensity of OPA and HR variability (HRV) indices the following night.MethodsThree cohorts (NOMAD, DPhacto, and Physical Workload and Fitness) involving blue-collar workers front different sectors were merged in this study. HR monitors (Actiheart) recorded 24-hour inter-beat intervals (IBI) for up to four consecutive days. The relative intensity of the mean HR during work was estimated by HR reserve (%HRR), and time-domain indices of HRV were analyzed during the following night. Data were analyzed using a multilevel growth model to test the association between mean %HRR during work and HRV indices at night in a day-by-day analysis adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, and occupation.ResultsThe dataset included a sample of 878 Danish blue-collar workers, with a mean %HRR during work of 31%, and 42% worked at an intensity >= 30%HRR. The multilevel model showed negative within- and between-subject associations between %HRR during work and HRV indices at night.ConclusionsOur results indicate a higher %HRR during work to associate with lower HRV indices the following night and a higher HR, reflecting an imbalanced autonomic cardiac modulation. This finding supports a high mean HR during work to be a potential underlying mechanism for the harmful health effect of OPA.
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