| 1. |
- Sallnäs Pysander, Eva-Lotta, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Nature and digitalization challenging the traditional playground
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Playing outdoors in nature with peers has been attributed most importance for children's healthy development but is increasingly marginalized because of the attractiveness of screen-based play. Careful merging of digital technology into outdoor play environments rich on nature elements could potentially help bridge digital play with more traditional play activities outdoors. A systematic comparison was made of outdoor play in more or less green settings, with and without digital installations or traditional play equipment. The separate and combined role of digital artefacts, play equipment and natural elements, were investigated, with particular focus on the effects of merging digital materials into nature. A group of children aged 6-8 were involved in a field study in a three-week period playing in a traditional playground, a forest and in a forest with digitally enhanced play artefacts. Children ' s play behavior was evaluated using a behavioral tracking method, a questionnaire and a contextual interview with the children, and a physical activity measure, in combination with inventories including maps to document the design, and the ecological and physical status of the settings. The study documents differences in children's play behavior across the three settings. It differs most between the digital forest setting and the forest setting regarding the play categories imaginative play, physical play and rule play and the digital forest setting stands out when it comes to expressive play. It is discussed how particular attributes in the physical environment influence the overall play flow and the interactive effects of natural material and digital material. Ecologically, the forest and the forest with digitally enhanced artefacts were more diverse than the traditional playground, but the natural material present was important for play in all settings.
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| 2. |
- Conger, Scott, et al.
(författare)
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Time Trends in Physical Activity Using Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from 1995 to 2017.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - 0195-9131. ; 54:2, s. 288-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Conflicting evidence exists on whether physical activity (PA) levels of humans have changed over the last quarter-century. The main objective of this study was to determine if there is evidence of time trends in PA, from cross-sectional studies that assessed PA at different time points using wearable devices (e.g., pedometers, accelerometers). A secondary objective was to quantify the rate of change in PA. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted of English language studies indexed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science (1960-2020) using search terms (time OR temporal OR secular) AND trends AND (steps per day OR pedometer OR accelerometer OR MVPA). Subsequently, a meta-analytic approach was used to aggregate data from multiple studies, and to examine specific factors (i.e. sex, age group, sex-and-age group, and PA metric). Results: Based on 16 peer-reviewed scientific studies conducted between 1995 and 2017, levels of ambulatory PA are trending downward in developed countries. Significant declines were seen in both males and females (p < 0.001) as well as in children (p = 0.020), adolescents (p < 0.001) and adults (p = 0.004). The average study duration was 9.4 yrs (accelerometer studies: 5.3 yrs, pedometer studies: 10.8 yrs). For studies that assessed steps, the average change in PA was -1,118 steps/day over the course of the study (p < 0.001) and adolescents had the greatest change in PA at -2,278 steps/day (p < 0.001). Adolescents also had the steepest rate of change over time, expressed in steps/day/decade. Conclusion: Evidence from studies conducted in eight developed nations over a 22-yr period indicates that PA levels have declined overall, especially in adolescents. This study emphasizes the need for continued research tracking time trends in PA using wearable devices.
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| 3. |
- Pagels, Peter, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Pupils' use of school outdoor play settings across seasons and its relation to sun exposure and physical activity
- 2020
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Ingår i: Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. - : Wiley. - 0905-4383 .- 1600-0781. ; 36:5, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long outdoor stay may cause hazardous exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun even at high latitudes as in Sweden (Spring to Autumn). On the other hand, long outdoor stay is a strong predictor of primary school children ' s free mobility involving moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). UV-protective outdoor environments enable long outdoor stay. We investigated the concurrent impact of different school outdoor play settings upon pupils ' sun exposure and levels of physical activity across different ages, genders, and seasons. Method During 1 week each in September, March, and May, UVR exposure and MVPA were measured in pupils aged 7-11 years. Erythemally effective UVR exposure was measured by polysulphone film dosimeters and MVPA by accelerometers. Schoolyard play was recorded on maps, and used areas defined as four play settings (fixed play equipment, paved surfaces, sport fields, and green settings), categorized by season and gender. Results During the academic year, sport fields yielded the highest UVR exposures and generated most time in MVPA. In March, time outdoors and minutes in MVPA dropped and UVR exposures were suberythemal at all play settings. In May, green settings and fixed play equipment close to greenery promoted MVPA and protected from solar overexposure during long outdoor stays. Conclusion More outdoor activities in early spring are recommended. In May, greenery attractive for play could protect against overexposure to UVR and stimulate both girls and boys to vigorous play.
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| 4. |
- Raustorp, Anders, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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A 20-year follow-up study of objectively measured physical activity
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This aim of this study was to explore the effect of time, long-termed tracking, and the proportion of objectively measured physical activity (PA) from early adolescent to the mid-thirties. Methods: PA was measured as mean steps per day (SPD) with pedometers during 2000 (T1), 2003 (T2), 2005 (T3), 2010 (T4), 2016 (T5) and 2020 (T6). Data from 64 participants (n=32 males) were analyzed from their early adolescent (T1) to the mid-thirties (T6). Results: SPD decreased in the total sample and among males and females (all, p<0.001). Males took more mean SPD than females during T1 (p=0.002), whereas females took more mean SPD during T2 (p=0.009) and T6 (p=0.008). Males mean SPD tracked between T1 and T2 (p=0.021), T2 and T3 (p=0.030), T3 and T4 (p=0.015) and T4 and T5 (p=0.003). Females mean SPD tracked between T3 and T4 (p=0.024) and T5 and T6 (p<0.001). In the total sample, more mean SPD were found on weekdays compared to weekend days at T3 (p=0.017) and T5 (p<0.001). Conclusions: SPD decreased between T1 and T6. Mean SPD tracked low-to-moderate in the short time-span. From late adolescence to the mid-thirties, more mean SPD was observed during weekdays compared to weekend days.
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| 5. |
- Raustorp, Anders, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Self-Perceived Global Self-Esteem and Physical Self-Esteem among Children and Adolescents in Southeastern Sweden, Investigated in 2000 and 2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 33:3, s. 181-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To compare self-perceived global self-esteem (GSE) and physical self-esteem (PSE) among children and adolescents aged 11 and 14 years in Southeastern Sweden, investigated in 2000 and 2017. Methods The present study consists of two independent cross-sectional study-cohorts from Southeastern Sweden, investigated in 2000 and 2017. The same protocol, procedures, and instruments were used in 2000 and 2017. In October 2000, data for self-perceived GSE and PSE, and anthropometry were collected from 11-years old children (Grade 5) (n=74) and 14-years old adolescents (Grade 8) (n=84). In October 2017, children (n=186) and adolescents (n=140) from the same grade-levels, schools and classrooms provided data for the same variables as in 2000. GSE and PSE were assessed with the Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile (CY-PSPP). Results Self-perceived GSE was higher in 2017 as compared to 2000 among both 11-years old boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.001) and 14-years old boys (p=0.008) and girls (p<0.001). Similarly, self-perceived PSE was higher in 2017 as compared to 2000 among both 11-years old boys (p<0.001) and girls (p=0.023) and 14-years old boys (p=0.025) and girls (p=0.002). Conclusions Self-perceived GSE and PSE among children and adolescents aged 11 and 14 years in Southeastern Sweden were higher in 2017 as compared to 2000. These results are not in agreement with the increased psychological ill-health as being reported among children and adolescents during the last decade in Sweden.
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| 6. |
- Raustorp, Anders, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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School-based study showed a correlation between physical activity and smartphone and tablet use by students aged eight, 11 and 14
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:4, s. 801-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study investigated correlations between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and smartphone and tablet usage by sex and age in subjects aged eight, 11 and 14. Methods: We recruited 549 children and adolescents (264 boys) from six schools in three middle-class communities in south-eastern Sweden. Steps per day was objectively measured using sealed pedometers and a brief daily questionnaire about smartphone and tablet usage. Correlations between mean steps per day and mean daily minutes of smartphone and tablet usage, and differences between low and high users, were investigated. Results: There was a moderately inverse correlation between steps per day and smartphone and tablet usage in the total sample (r=-0.329, p<0.001), but it was lower in boys (r=-0.340, p<0.001) than girls (r=-0.401, p<0.001). When stratified further by both sex and age, this correlation was only found among 14-year-old girls (r=-0.385, p<0.001) and this group only, differences between low and high users (p=0.005) were seen. Conclusion: There was a moderately inverse correlation between steps per day and smartphone and tablet usage. When stratified by both sex and age groups, this correlation was only observed in 14-year-old girls. The results may have implications for future PA interventions that target adolescent girls.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wallenberg, Nils, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of warm weather on children’s outdoor heat stress and physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 67:12, s. 1927-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hot weather conditions can have negative impacts on the thermal comfort and physical activity of vulnerable groups such as children. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of warm weather on 5-year-old children’s thermal comfort and physical activity in a preschool yard in Gothenburg, Sweden. In situ measurements were conducted for 1–1.5 h in the early afternoon on 8 days in May, June, and August of 2022. The thermal comfort and physical activity was estimated with GPS-tracks, heart rate monitors, and step counts and compared to observed weather conditions. Results show that physical activity decreases under warmer weather conditions, depicted by a decrease in distance moved, step counts, and highest registered pulse. Moreover, on warm days, the children avoid sunlit areas. For 50% or more of the time spent in sunlit areas, the children are exposed to cautious levels of heat. In shaded areas, on the other hand, the children are less exposed, with five out of 8 days having 50% or more of the time at neutral levels. The study demonstrates the importance of access to shaded areas in preschool yards where children can continue their active play while simultaneously maintaining a safe thermal status.
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