| 1. |
- Ukkola, O, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations in the preproghrelin/ghrelin gene associated with obesity in humans.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - 0021-972X. ; 86:8, s. 3996-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ghrelin and preproghrelin sequences were determined in 96 unrelated female subjects with severe obesity (mean body mass index (BMI) 42.3 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2)) and in 96 non-obese female controls (mean BMI 23.0 +/- 1.4 (kg/m2) of the Swedish Obese Subjects cohort. A mutation at amino acid position 51 (Arg51Gln) of the preproghrelin sequence that corresponds to the last amino acid in mature ghrelin product was identified in six (all heterozygotes) obese subjects (6.3%) but not among controls (p < 0.05). The self-reported weight at 20, 30, and 40 years of age tended to be 7.5, 4.7 and 6.4 kg lower, respectively, among obese Gln allele carriers versus obese non-carriers. In addition, a mutation at codon 72 of the preproghrelin gene (Leu72Met) was detected in 15 obese (12 hetero- and 3 homozygotes) and 12 control (all heterozygotes) subjects. This mutation outside the coding region of the mature ghrelin product tended to be associated with lower age of self-reported onset of obesity (15.6 +/- 7.9 vs. 20.5 +/- 10.5 years; p = 0.09). In addition to these two mutations in coding regions, a G274A base change in a non-coding region between exons one and two was found only in two obese individuals. The Arg51Gln amino acid substitution may alter the cleavage site of endoproteases and the length of the mature ghrelin product. The functional significance of the Leu72Met mutation and a G274A base change remains to be determined. In conclusion, the data provide evidence that a low frequency sequence variation in the ghrelin gene could play a role in the etiology of obesity.
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| 2. |
- Both, C., et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale geographical variation confirms that climate change causes birds to lay earlier
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 271:1549, s. 1657-1662
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in the phenology of organisms are often attributed to climate change, but alternatively, may reflect a publication bias towards advances and may be caused by environmental factors unrelated to climate change. Both factors are investigated using the breeding dates of 25 long-term studied populations of Ficedula flycatchers across Europe. Trends in spring temperature varied markedly between study sites, and across populations the advancement of laying date was stronger in areas where the spring temperatures increased more, giving support to the theory that climate change causally affects breeding date advancement.
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