| 1. |
- Rich, Rebecca L., et al.
(författare)
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A global benchmark study using affinity-based biosensors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309. ; 386:2, s. 194-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the variability in biosensor studies, 150 participants from 20 countries were given the same protein samples and asked to determine kinetic rate constants for the interaction. We chose a protein system that was amenable to analysis using different biosensor platforms as well as by users of different expertise levels. The two proteins (a 50-kDa Fab and a 60-kDa glutathione S-transferase [GST] antigen) form a relatively high-affinity complex, so participants needed to optimize several experimental parameters, including ligand immobilization and regeneration conditions as well as analyte concentrations and injection/dissociation times. Although most participants collected binding responses that could be fit to yield kinetic parameters, the quality of a few data sets could have been improved by optimizing the assay design. Once these outliers were removed, the average reported affinity across the remaining panel of participants was 620 pM with a standard deviation of 980 pM. These results demonstrate that when this biosensor assay was designed and executed appropriately, the reported rate constants were consistent, and independent of which protein was immobilized and which biosensor was used.
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| 2. |
- Helgadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The same sequence variant on 9p21 associates with myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, two common sequence variants on 9p21, tagged by rs10757278-G and rs10811661-T, were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-4) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)(5-7), respectively. We proceeded to further investigate the contributions of these variants to arterial diseases and T2D. Here we report that rs10757278-G is associated with, in addition to CAD, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; odds ratio (OR) 1.31, P = 1.2 x 10(-12)) and intracranial aneurysm (OR = 1.29, P = 2.5 x 10(-6)), but not with T2D. This variant is the first to be described that affects the risk of AAA and intracranial aneurysm in many populations. The association of rs10811661-T to T2D replicates in our samples, but the variant does not associate with any of the five arterial diseases examined. These findings extend our insight into the role of the sequence variant tagged by rs10757278-G and show that it is not confined to atherosclerotic diseases.
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| 3. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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| 4. |
- Monazzam, Azita, 1971-
(författare)
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Multicellular Tumour Spheroids in a Translational PET Imaging Strategy
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has gained an important roll in clinical for diagnosis, staging and prognosis of a range of cancer types. Utilization of PET for monitoring and evaluation of cancer treatment is an attractive but almost new concept. The proper choice of PET-tracer as a biomarker for treatment follow-up is crucial. The important characteristic for a suitable tracer is its ability to reflect the response to a treatment at an early stage, before any morphologically changes occurs. It would be an advantage to screen a battery of PET tracers in a preclinical model and introduce a few potential tracers in clinical trial.The most conventional pre-clinical approach in PET-oncology utilizes xenografts in mice or rats and requires a large number of subjects. It would be a great advantage to introduce a less demanding but still reliable preclinical method for a more efficient planning of studies in animal model and then in human trials.The Multicellular Tumour Spheroid (MTS) system represents an intermediary level between cells growing as monolayer and solid tumours in experimental animals or patients. It mimics the growth of naturally occurring human tumours before neovascularization and appears to be more informative than monolayer and more economical and more ethical than animal models.The aim of this work was to establish, refine and evaluate the application of MTS model as a preclinical approach in PET oncology. The vision was to introduce a preclinical method to probe and select PET tracer for treatment monitoring of anticancer drugs, which can hopefully be applied for optimization in breast cancer treatment.In this thesis, a number of basic experiments were performed to explore the character of 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake in MTS. FDG as the most established PET tracer was an obvious initial option for the evaluation of the model. For further assess-ment, we studied effects on FDG uptake in MTS treated with five routinely used chemother-apy agents. For association of PET tracer uptake to size change of MTS, we developed a reliable and user-friendly method for size determination of MTS. The next step was to apply the MTS model to screen PET tracers for analysis of early response of chemotherapy in breast cancer. Finally the method was utilized for translational imaging exemplified with a new chemotherapy agent.The results were encouraging and the MTS model was introduced and evaluated as a preclini-cal tool in PET oncology. The method was implicated to in vitro quickly assess a therapy profile of existing and newly developed anticancer drugs in order to investigate the effects of candidate drugs on tumour-growth, selection of appropriate PET tracer for treatment monitor-ing and finally understanding relation between growth inhibition and biomarkers as part of translational imaging activities.
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