| 1. |
- Krone, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Interactive Exploration of Protein Cavities
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Computer graphics forum (Print). - : Blackhorse Publishing. - 0167-7055 .- 1467-8659. ; 30:3, s. 673-682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel application for the interactive exploration of cavities within proteins in dynamic data sets. Inside a protein, cavities can often be found close to the active center. Therefore, when analyzing a molecular dynamics simulation trajectory it is of great interest to find these cavities and determine if such a cavity opens up to the environment, making the binding site accessible to the surrounding substrate. Our user-driven approach enables expert users to select a certain cavity and track its evolution over time. The user is supported by different visualizations of the extracted cavity to facilitate the analysis. The boundary of the protein and its cavities is obtained by means of volume ray casting, where the volume is computed in real-time for each frame, therefore allowing the examination of time-dependent data sets. A fast, partial segmentation of the volume is applied to obtain the selected cavity and trace it over time. Domain experts found our method useful when they applied it exemplarily on two trajectories of lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Candida antarctica. In both data sets cavities near the active center were easily identified and tracked over time until they reached the surface and formed an open substrate channel.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Rehm, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Acceptable risk? : Why does society accept a higher risk for alcohol than for other voluntary or involuntary risks?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-7015. ; 12, s. 189-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Societies tend to accept much higher risks for voluntary behaviours, those based on individualdecisions (for example, to smoke, to consume alcohol, or to ski), than for involuntary exposure such as exposure torisks in soil, drinking water or air. In high-income societies, an acceptable risk to those voluntarily engaging in a riskybehaviour seems to be about one death in 1,000 on a lifetime basis. However, drinking more than 20 g purealcohol per day over an adult lifetime exceeds a threshold of one in 100 deaths, based on a calculation from WorldHealth Organization data of the odds in six European countries of dying from alcohol-attributable causes at differentlevels of drinking.Discussion: The voluntary mortality risk of alcohol consumption exceeds the risks of other lifestyle risk factors. Inaddition, evidence shows that the involuntary risks resulting from customary alcohol consumption far exceed theacceptable threshold for other involuntary risks (such as those established by the World Health Organization ornational environmental agencies), and would be judged as not acceptable. Alcohol’s exceptional status reflectsvagaries of history, which have so far resulted in alcohol being exempted from key food legislation (no labelling ofingredients and nutritional information) and from international conventions governing all other psychoactivesubstances (both legal and illegal). This is along with special treatment of alcohol in the public health field, in partreflecting overestimation of its beneficial effect on ischaemic disease when consumed in moderation.Summary: A much higher mortality risk from alcohol than from other risk factors is currently accepted by highincome countries.
|
|
| 4. |
- Rehm, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
-
The addiction concept revisited
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Reframing addiction. - : Alice Rap. - 9788469716472 ; , s. 103-117
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary: In the past 50 years, there had been quite varied definitions and operationalizations of the term addiction, and up to today, there are different underlying concepts in the two major classification systems by the World Health Organization (ICD) and by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM). This chapter reviews current and past definitions and introduces a new concept “heavy use over time” which could replace current definitions. First, heavy use over time causes the changes in the brain we currently associate with substance use disorders. Second, heavy use over time is also very closely linked to all criteria used to define such disorders in medical classification systems. Third, heavy use over time is easy to operationalize and fourth, it has been shown to associate with mortality and morbidity outcomes of dependence or other substance use disorders better than current diagnostic criteria. Finally, defining substance use disorders as heavy use over time promises to better align treatment with standard medical treatments and could play a role in reducing stigma. To summarize, heavy use over time promises to reconceptualise addictions/substance use disorders in a parsimonious and consistent matter, in line with major scientific results.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rehm, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
-
The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study : What changed from the last study?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research. - : Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol. - 1925-7066. ; 2:1, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rehm, J., Borges, G., Gmel, G., Graham, K., Grant, B., Parry, C., Poznyak, V. & Room R. (2013). The comparative risk assessment for alcohol as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study: What changed from the last study? International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 1-5. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.132)In December 2012, the new results of the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) for alcohol within the Global Burden of Disease and Injury (GBD) Study 2010 were presented at a joint meeting of the GBD Group and the journal Lancet at the Royal Society in London (Lim et al., 2012). At first glance, there do not appear to be many changes to alcohol consumption as a risk factor for death and disability: it is identified as the third most important risk factor, as it was in the last CRA (World Health Organization, 2009). The burden of disease attributable to alcohol had increased, compared to the 2004 estimate (Rehm, Mathers et al., 2009), but this could be due to an increase in global population, or to variations in the methodologies behind the 2004 and 2010 estimates.
|
|
| 6. |
- Reissner, Volker, et al.
(författare)
-
Burnout, Coping and Job Satisfaction in Service Staff Treating Opioid Addicts-from Athens to Zurich
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Stress and Health. - : Wiley. - 1532-3005 .- 1532-2998. ; 26:2, s. 149-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Treatment-systems Research on European Addiction Treatment study (TREAT-project) is a longitudinal multicenter study on predominantly opioid-dependent patients and their health-care system in six European cities. As part of the examination of the drug services, this study evaluates level of burnout, coping strategies, perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction among health-care workers treating opioid addicts. Employees were recruited from organizations in Athens, London, Padua, Stockholm, Zurich and Essen. The Maslach burnout inventory, Brief COPE, general self-efficacy questionnaire and a job satisfaction scale were filled in by about 383 drug service workers. One-third of the staff suffer from severe burnout. London and Stockholm colleagues are significantly more burdened than Zurich personnel where job satisfaction is highest. No cross-national differences could be detected concerning coping styles or level of perceived self-efficacy. Burnout is positively correlated to passive coping strategies and negatively linked to self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Males experience more depersonalization. Organizational features such as the entry-threshold level of the institution or out- vs. inpatient setting are relevant for coping strategies and job satisfaction. These and other findings are discussed in relation to preliminary data from the TREAT-project on characteristics of opioid addicted patients and other specific features of the drug treatment system.
|
|
| 7. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
What happened to alcohol consumption and problems in the Nordic countries when alcohol taxes were decreased and borders opened?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: The international journal of alcohol and drug research. - : International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research. - 1925-7066. ; 2:1, s. 77-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The study tests the effects of reduction in alcohol taxation and increased travellers’ allowances on alcohol consumption and related harm in Denmark, Finland and southern Sweden. In late 2003 and early 2004, taxes on alcoholic beverages were reduced in Denmark and Finland, and the abolition of quantitative quotas on alcohol import for personal use from other European Union countries made cheaper alcohol more available in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Methods: Analyses of routine statistical register data, and summarizing results from longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional population surveys and other previous analyses, with northern Sweden as a control site for secular trends.Results: Contrary to expectations, alcohol consumption – as based on register data – increased only in Finland and not in Denmark and southern Sweden, and self-reported survey data did not show an increase in any site. In Finland, alcohol-attributable harms in register data increased, especially in people with low socio-economic status. Few such effects were found in Denmark and southern Sweden. Neither did results for self-reported alcohol-attributable problems show any general increases in the three sites. These results remained after controlling for regression to the mean and modelling of drop-outs.Conclusions: Harms measured in register data did tend to increase in the short term with the policy change, particularly in Finland, where the tax changes were broader. But reducing price and increasing availability does not always increase alcohol consumption and harm. Effects are dampened in affluent societies, and other factors may intervene. The results for Finland also suggest some limits for general population surveys in testing for relatively small policy effects.
|
|
