| 1. |
- Dunham, I, et al.
(författare)
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The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 402:6761, s. 489-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Williams, Cecilia, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Clones of normal keratinocytes and a variety of simultaneously present epidermal neoplastic lesions contain a multitude of p53 gene mutations in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 58:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A patient with xeroderma pigmentosum group C was extensively examined for mutations in the p53 gene in normal skin exposed to varying degrees of sunlight and in excisional biopsies of basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer, and squamous cell dysplasia. Seventy-three samples were analyzed by microdissection of small cell clusters, followed by PCR and direct DNA sequencing. In skin taken from areas that most likely had never been exposed to the sun, no mutations were found. However, in skin exposed to the sun, we observed a multitude of mutations in the p53 gene. UV light-induced mutations were found in all types of lesions, as well as in clusters of morphologically normal epidermal cells. Twenty-nine distinct mutations were found in exons 5-8, all missense or nonsense, of which 27 (93%) were UV-specific C --> T or CC --> TT transitions at dipyrimidine sites of the nontranscribed strand. Two types of normal skin areas containing p53 mutations were observed: areas that stain strongly with p53 antibody (p53 patches) and those that do not stain. Because no silent or intron mutations were found in these cell clusters, the alterations in the p53 gene of morphologically normal cells are likely to have resulted in a selective growth advantage. The poor correlation between mutations and morphological phenotypes demonstrates that p53 mutations alone do not determine the phenotypes observed.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Peter, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacturing of nanometer structures in YBa2Cu3O7 thin films using a carbon based multilayer mask
- 1995
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Ingår i: Applied Superconductivity 1995. Proceedings of EUCAS 1995, the Second European Conference on Applied Superconductivity. - 0750303484 ; 2, s. 935-938
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process method that will produce ion milled bridges and trenches of ultra small dimensions in YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) thin films is presented. The method is based on electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching (RIE), ion milling and a multilayer mask, which consists of an electron resist and an amorphous carbon layer with intermediate niobium. Carbon has two unique properties that are used in the process. First, carbon can easily be reactive ion etched in an oxygen atmosphere, since the oxides of carbon are gases. Furthermore, carbon has an extremely low ion milling etching rate. The electron resist pattern is transferred to the niobium and the carbon layers by a reactive ion etching process with CF4 and O2 In such a way a durable carbon mask for ion milling is formed. When the ion milling is completed, the result of the process is 50-60 nm wide bridges and 30-60 nm wide trenches in 100 nm thick YBCO films.
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| 8. |
- REN, YF, et al.
(författare)
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Velopharyngeal incompetence and persistent hypernasality after adenoidectomy in children without palatal defect
- 1995
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Ingår i: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656. ; 32:6, s. 476-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent hyper nasal speech after adenoidectomy has been reported In children with palatal deficiency. Hypernasality after adenoidectomy can also occur in children with normal palatal function. The aim of the present study was to identify the cause of velopharyngeal Incompetence and hypernasality after adenoidectomy in children who did not have palatal defect as a predisposing factor. Sixteen children who developed hypernasality after adenoidectomy were included in the present study. Standard lateral cephalometry, videofluoroscopy, and nasopnaryngoscopy were performed to visualize the velopharynx and Its function during speech. The results showed that enlarged tonsils and prominent remaining adenoid tissue on the posterior pharyngeal wall were the causes of hypernasality in these children. Incomplete removal of the adenoid tissue should be avoided and enlarged tonsils should be removed at the time of adenoidectomy to prevent the risk for postoperative hypernasality.
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