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- Amiri, M., et al.
(författare)
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Periodic activity from a fast radio burst source
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 582:7812, s. 351-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright, millisecond-duration radio transients originating from sources at extragalactic distances1, the origin of which is unknown. Some FRB sources emit repeat bursts, ruling out cataclysmic origins for those events2–4. Despite searches for periodicity in repeat burst arrival times on timescales from milliseconds to many days2,5–7, these bursts have hitherto been observed to appear sporadically and—although clustered8—without a regular pattern. Here we report observations of a 16.35 ± 0.15 day periodicity (or possibly a higher-frequency alias of that periodicity) from the repeating FRB 180916.J0158+65 detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project4,9. In 38 bursts recorded from 16 September 2018 to 4 February 2020 utc, we find that all bursts arrive in a five-day phase window, and 50 per cent of the bursts arrive in a 0.6-day phase window. Our results suggest a mechanism for periodic modulation either of the burst emission itself or through external amplification or absorption, and disfavour models invoking purely sporadic processes.
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| 4. |
- Buckley, Jeffrey, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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An assessment of the transparency of contemporary technology education research employing interview-based methodologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of technology and design education. - : Springer Nature. - 0957-7572 .- 1573-1804.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high level of transparency in reported research is critical for several reasons, such as ensuring an acceptable level of trustworthiness and enabling replication. Transparency in qualitative research permits the identification of specific circumstances which are associated with findings and observations. Thus, transparency is important for the repeatability of original studies and for explorations of the transferability of original findings. There has been no investigation into levels of transparency in reported technology education research to date. With a position that increasing transparency would be beneficial, this article presents an analysis of levels of transparency in contemporary technology education research studies which employed interviews within their methodologies, and which were published within the International Journal of Technology and Design Education and Design and Technology Education: An International Journal (n = 38). The results indicate room for improvement, especially in terms of documenting researcher positionality, determinations of data saturation, and how power imbalances were managed. A discussion is presented on why it is important to improve levels of transparency in reported studies, and a guide on areas to make transparent is presented for qualitative and quantitative research.
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| 5. |
- Marcote, B., et al.
(författare)
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A repeating fast radio burst source localized to a nearby spiral galaxy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 577:7789, s. 190-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are brief, bright, extragalactic radio flashes1,2. Their physical origin remains unknown, but dozens of possible models have been postulated3. Some FRB sources exhibit repeat bursts4–7. Although over a hundred FRB sources have been discovered8, only four have been localized and associated with a host galaxy9–12, and just one of these four is known to emit repeating FRBs9. The properties of the host galaxies, and the local environments of FRBs, could provide important clues about their physical origins. The first known repeating FRB, however, was localized to a low-metallicity, irregular dwarf galaxy, and the apparently non-repeating sources were localized to higher-metallicity, massive elliptical or star-forming galaxies, suggesting that perhaps the repeating and apparently non-repeating sources could have distinct physical origins. Here we report the precise localization of a second repeating FRB source6, FRB 180916.J0158+65, to a star-forming region in a nearby (redshift 0.0337 ± 0.0002) massive spiral galaxy, whose properties and proximity distinguish it from all known hosts. The lack of both a comparably luminous persistent radio counterpart and a high Faraday rotation measure6 further distinguish the local environment of FRB 180916.J0158+65 from that of the single previously localized repeating FRB source, FRB 121102. This suggests that repeating FRBs may have a wide range of luminosities, and originate from diverse host galaxies and local environments.
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| 6. |
- Notarnicola, A., et al.
(författare)
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Serum and balf-derived anti-JO1 autoantibodies exhibit high reactivity to distinct HISRS domains and associate with lung and joint involvement in patients with IIM/ASS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 79, s. 1109-1110
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autoantibodies that target aminoacyl transfer(t) RNA synthetases (aaRS) represent the serological marker of the anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), a major subgroup of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) (1). Among the anti-aaRS, anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase (HisRS) autoantibodies (anti-Jo1) are the most common. Up to 90% of IIM/ASS patients diagnosed with interstitial lung disease (ILD) harbor anti-Jo1 autoantibodies (2).Objectives:Reactivity and affinity of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies from serum and broncheoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated against HisRS autoantigen. Associations with clinical data from patients IIM/ASS were addressed.Methods:Total IgGs were purified by affinity chromatography. Samples and clinical data were obtained from: i) 26 anti-Jo1+patients (19 at diagnosis, 16/19 at follow-up, 7 BALF/matching serum at baseline; ii) 29 anti-Jo1-(25 serum at diagnosis, 4 BALF/matching serum at baseline); iii) 24 age/gender matched healthy controls. Anti-Jo1 IgG and IgA response against HisRS was evaluated by ELISA and western blot. Affinity was measured by surface plasmon resonance. HisRS full-length (HisRS-FL), two HisRS domains (ABD and CD), and two HisRS splice variants (WHEP and WHEP + ABD splice variant (SV)) were tested. Correlations between autoantibody reactivity and clinical data, at baseline and over disease course, were evaluated.Results:Anti-Jo1 autoantibodies from serum and lung bound HisRS-FL, WHEP and SV with high reactivity and affinity already at diagnosis and recognized both conformational and linear HisRS epitopes (Fig. 1). Levels of autoantibodies (against HisRS-FL, -domains and -splice variants) varied among patients and overtime. Patients with ILD, arthritis and less skin involvement presented higher anti-Jo1 titers compared to those with lower anti-Jo1 titers and to the anti-Jo1 negative group (Fig. 2). Anti-WHEP reactivity in BALF strongly correlated with poor pulmonary function.Conclusion:High reactivity and affinity at time of diagnosis indicates that autoimmunity against HisRS is most likely initiated before IIM/ASS diagnosis. Reactivity to specific splice variants of HisRS may be employed as diagnostic and prognostic markers.References:[1]Marguerie C, Bunn CC, Beynon HL, Bernstein RM, Hughes JM, So AK, Walport MJ: Polymyositis, pulmonary fibrosis and autoantibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes. Q J Med 1990, 77(282):1019-1038[2]Richards TJ, Eggebeen A, Gibson K, Yousem S, Fuhrman C, Gochuico BR, Fertig N, Oddis CV, Kaminski N, Rosas IO et al: Characterization and peripheral blood biomarker assessment of anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60(7):2183-2192.Fig. 1.Anti-Jo1 reactivity in total IgG purified from the first available serum sampleFig. 2.Reactivity of total anti-Jo1+ IgG purified from the first available serum close to IIM/ASS diagnosis in relation to clinical dataDisclosure of Interests:Antonella Notarnicola: None declared, Charlotta Preger: None declared, Susanna Lundström: None declared, Nuria Renard: None declared, Edvard Wigren: None declared, Eveline Van Gompel: None declared, Angeles Shunashy Galindo-Feria: None declared, Helena Persson: None declared, Maryam Fathi: None declared, Johan Grunewald: None declared, Per-Johan Jakobsson Shareholder of: Gesynta Pharma, Grant/research support from: Gesynta Pharma, AstraZeneca,, Susanne Gräslund: None declared, Ingrid E. Lundberg Grant/research support from: Bristol Meyer Squibb, Corbus Pharmaceuticals, Inc and Astra Zeneca, Catia Cerqueira: None declared
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| 7. |
- Afifi, K., et al.
(författare)
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Features of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267, s. 3292-3298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is associated with intracranial hemorrhage. Aim To identify clinical and imaging features of CVT-associated intracranial hemorrhage. We hypothesized that higher clot burden would be associated with a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of an international, multicenter cohort of patients with confirmed cerebral venous thrombosis who underwent computed tomography within 2 weeks of symptom onset. Clinical and imaging features were compared between patients with and without intracranial hemorrhage. Clot burden was assessed by counting the number of thrombosed venous sinuses and veins on confirmatory imaging. Results We enrolled 260 patients from 10 institutions in Europe and Mexico. The mean age was 42 years and 74% were female. Intracranial hemorrhage was found in 102 (39%). Among them parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 64 (63%), in addition, small juxta-cortical hemorrhage was found in 30 (29%), subarachnoid hemorrhage in 24 (24%) and subdural hemorrhage in 11 (11%). Multiple concomitant types of hemorrhage occurred in 23 (23%). Older age and superior sagittal thrombosis involvement were associated with presence of hemorrhage. The number of thrombosed venous sinuses was not associated with intracranial hemorrhage (median number IQRInterquartile ratio] of sinuses/veins involved with hemorrhage 2 (1-3) vs. 2 (1-3) without hemorrhage,p = 0.4). Conclusion The high rate of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis is not explained by widespread involvement of the venous sinuses. Superior sagittal sinus involvement is associated with higher bleeding risk.
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| 9. |
- Notarnicola, Antonella, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal assessment of reactivity and affinity profile of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies to distinct HisRS domains and a splice variant in a cohort of patients with myositis and anti-synthetase syndrome
- 2022
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Nature. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To address the reactivity and affinity against histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase (HisRS) autoantigen of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies from serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies/anti-synthetase syndrome (IIM/ASSD). To investigate the associations between the reactivity profile and clinical data over time. Methods Samples and clinical data were obtained from (i) 25 anti-Jo1(+) patients (19 sera with 16 longitudinal samples and 6 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis), (ii) 29 anti-Jo1(-) patients (25 sera and 4 BALF/matching sera at diagnosis), and (iii) 27 age/gender-matched healthy controls (24 sera and 3 BALF/matching sera). Reactivity towards HisRS full-length (HisRS-FL), three HisRS domains (WHEP, antigen binding domain (ABD), and catalytic domain (CD)), and the HisRS splice variant (SV) was tested. Anti-Jo1 IgG reactivity was evaluated by ELISA and western blot using IgG purified from serum by affinity chromatography. In paired serum-BALF, anti-Jo1 IgG and IgA reactivity was analyzed by ELISA. Autoantibody affinity was measured by surface plasmon resonance using IgG purified from sera. Correlations between autoantibody reactivity and clinical data were evaluated at diagnosis and longitudinally. Results Anti-Jo1 IgG from serum and BALF bound HisRS-FL, WHEP, and SV with high reactivity at the time of diagnosis and recognized both conformation-dependent and conformation-independent HisRS epitopes. Anti-HisRS-FL IgG displayed high affinity early in the disease. At the time of IIM/ASSD diagnosis, the highest autoantibody levels against HisRS-FL were found in patients ever developing interstitial lung disease (ILD) and arthritis, but with less skin involvement. Moreover, the reactivity of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF correlated with poor pulmonary function. Levels of autoantibodies against HisRS-FL, HisRS domains, and HisRS splice variant generally decreased over time. With some exceptions, longitudinal anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels changed in line with ILD activity. Conclusion High levels and high-affinity anti-Jo1 autoantibodies towards HisRS-FL were found early in disease in sera and BALF. In combination with the correlation of anti-HisRS-FL antibody levels with ILD and ILD activity in longitudinal samples as well as of anti-WHEP IgG in BALF with poor pulmonary function, this supports the previously raised hypothesis that the lung might have a role in the immune reaction in anti-Jo1-positive patients.
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