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| 2. |
- Brogowski, Zygmunt, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of opoka as a basis for its use in wastewater treatment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 13:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opoka, as a silica-calcite sedimentary rock, occurs in south-eastern Europe and Russia. Stratigraphical studies down to 8 in depth were performed in Belzec, Poland, where samples were taken for further analyses. Vertical layers represented a heavy-weight opoka consisting of relatively more CaCO3 than the horizontal layers of lightweight opoka dominated by SiO2. Opoka had a mean bulk density of 1.34 g/cm(3), a porosity of 44.5 % and a specific surface area of 64 m(2)/g. Opoka, especially after heated to over 900degreesC can be used as reactive filter media for phosphorus removal. Maximum sorption capacity was 119.6 g PO4-P/ kg. Element analysis of the rock did not reveal any anomaly from that expected, and it was concluded that its element content does not devaluate opoka as a sorbent used in ecological wastewater treatment.
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| 3. |
- Hallberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of polluted road run-off water : Problems and possibilities
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University / Land Reclamation. - Warzaw : Warsaw Agricultural University Press. - 0208-5771. ; :35, s. 55-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The legal aspects for conventional water production and treatment are clearly defined and not ambiguous. This is not the case for handling and treatment of run-off water. In the EU directive 1991/271/EEC run-off water is defined as sewage water. The EU Water Directive refers to 1991/271/EEC and points to run-off water as a pollutant source for ground water. Elevated levels of pollutant can be found in run-off water from catchment areas with dense traffic loads. Depending on road maintenance, use of studded tires, type of pavement, traffic flow, velocity, type of vehicle, residential and industrial areas, tunnels the degree of mobility of the pollutants will vary in the ambient air and the run-off water. An aspect that only to some extent has been elaborated on is the influence of pavement types and its wear with regard to the mobility of the pollutants. A treatment technique commonly used in many countries is storm water ponds. The pollutant removal efficiency varies for different ponds, due to different specific pond areas, i.e. pond area in relation to catchment area. Ponds act as sedimentation basins, collecting particles and bounded pollutants. However, the solute transport of e.g. heavy metals should be trapped by other means. For that purpose a filtration unit has been developed and tested in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-stage treatment system for landfill leachate : design and performance
- 2004
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Ingår i: Waste 2004 - Integrated waste management and pollution control: Policy and practice, research and solutions. - : The Waste Conference Limited, The Barclay centre, University of warwick Science Park, Coventry, UK. ; , s. 528-535
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new system for on-site treatment of leachate has been implemented at the Tveta landfill, adjacent to the city of Södertalje, Sweden, and an initial investigation of its performance has been carried out. This is a multi-stage treatment system consisting of steps for aeration and sedimentation in an open pond, indoor treatment with chemicals for precipitation of metals, use of a constructed wetland and forest irrigation for removal of nitrogen. Treatment results from 2002 and 2003 show that the system is able to meet very high effluent standards and therefore the water can be discharged to sensitive water bodies. The chemical treatment can be questioned since operational problems occur with clogging of mechanical devices due to precipitation of calcium as well as generally low metal concentrations do not motivate the high treatment costs. The constructed wetland is of novel design with a removal efficiency of up to 75% for NH4-N, corresponding to an inorganic mass removal rate of up to 5.1 g m-2 d-1. Water sampling in a control ditch adjacent to the forest irrigation revealed a concentration of 1 mg/l for NH4-N.
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| 5. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(författare)
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A natural filter substrate for efficient phosphorus removal from wastewater - column studies
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scientific Papers of the Agricultural University of Crakow - Environmental Engineering. - Kraków : Wydawnictwo AR w Krakowie. - 1233-569X. ; :24, s. 397-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sorption to the bed substrate is a major phosphorus (P) removal mechanism in constructed wetlands. Hence it is important to select a substrate with high sorption capacity. A column experiment was performed where Polonite®, a product from opoka (a silica-calcite sedimentary rock from Poland) was mixed with Sphagnum peat in a weight proportion of 1:0.8 (column 2, 4) and 1:0.4 (column 3).Secondary treated wastewater with a mean soluble phosphorus (P-PO4) concentration of 5.1 mg·dm-3 was supplied during 378 days by gravity to four columns, 0.3 m in diameter and filled with substrate to 0.5 m. Column1 was filled solely with peat. Two different grain sizes of Polonite®: 0.05-0.2 mm (column 2, 4) and 2-6 mm (column 3) were used in the experiment. The hydraulic residence time varied from 36 to 48 hours during the experiment. The substrate in column 1 and 2 were kept under un-saturated conditions, while saturated conditions prevailed in columns 3 and 4. The column filled with peat showed an overall P-PO4 removal of 18% and an average effluent concentration of 4.2 mg· dm-3. However, after four months of wastewater discharge, the colour of the effluent from column1 exceeded 10000 mg Pt dm-3 and no further analysis of P was carried out. In the other three columns, where Polonite® was present, the average removal was 99%. The mean concentration of P-PO4 in effluent water from these columns was only 0.03 mg dm-3. Conditions of saturated and un-saturated substrates did not reveal any difference in P-sorption capacity. The results obtained show that the incorporation of the reactive media Polonite® into a peat matrix will enhance the long-term P-sorption capacity significantly.
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| 6. |
- Renman, Gunno
(författare)
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Comparison of three urban catchments in Uppsala - patterns of stormwater runoff
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. - Warszawa : Warsaw Agricultural University Press. - 0208-5771. ; :31, s. 87-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high resolution data acquisition technique was used to monitor stormwater runoff and losses of matter from three urban catchments in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. The landuse of the catchment areas were dominated by industry (1), apartment houses (2), and single houses with gardens (3), respectively. Battery supported data loggers with sensitive probes were used for registration outflow, temperature and electric conductivity every fifth minute during one year. The monitoring approach in this study clearly indicated the dynamics and the quality of urban stormwater. During one measurement period the precipitation was 125 mm while the runoffs from area 1-3 were 1016 mm, 267 mm and 60 mm, respectively. The much higher runoff from the industrial area indicated that wastewater was discharged to the stormwater sewer system. The high conductivity (407 mS/m) and temperature (19.5°C) of the water throughout the year were also clear evidence for this suggestion.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(författare)
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Försedimentering och filter vid dagvattenrening i föroreningsbelastade och trafiktäta områden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Vatten. - Lund : Föreningen Vatten. - 0042-2886. ; 60:4, s. 261-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU Water Directive (2000/60/EG) refers to 1991/271/EEC in regards to runoff water (storm water) as a type of sewage water. The EU Water Directive also points out the urban road runoff water as a pollutant source for ground water. Elevated levels of pollutant concentrations can be found in runoff water from catchment areas with dense traffic loads. Depending on road maintenance, use of studded tires, type of pavement, traffic load, velocity, type of vehicle, residential and industrial areas and tunnels, the degree of mobility of the pollutants will vary in the ambient air and the runoff water. An aspect that only to some extent has been elaborated on is the influence of pavement type and its wear with regards to the mobility of the pollutants. A possible treatment technique for polluted runoff water is the use of sedimentation and a filter for removal of dissolved and colloidal substances utilizing a batch sequenced mode of operation. The successful application of a batch sequenced treatment technique would depend on the “First flush” behavior of the catchment area. Along the Essingeleden motorway in Stockholm, with a yearly average traffic load of 120 000 vehicles per day, field trials and investigations of the treatment technique and first flush behavior is carried out along with assessment of generated sludge from storm water.
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| 9. |
- Renman, Gunno
(författare)
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Landfill leachate treatment for metal removal by filtration through reactive substrates - column experiment
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University - SGGW, Land Reclamation. - Warsaw : Warsaw Agricultural University Press. - 0208-5771. ; :35, s. 89-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten columns made of PVC tubes with an internal diameter of 9.8 cm were filled with substrate to a height of 50 cm. Two types of leachate water from a landfill in Södertälje, Sweden, were pumped to the columns with a load of 528 L/m2/day during four months. Five columns filled with different substrates received leachate from the ash deposit at the landfill. The remaining five columns received a mixed leachate from the whole landfill area. Both unsaturated and saturated conditions were used for pairs of columns with identical substrate. The metal sorption capacity was investigated. Columns filled with Polonite® (product from opoka) showed best overall performance. Highest average removal efficiency was obtained by fine-grained Polonite mixed with peat where Co, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn were removed by 10, 12, 31, 45 and 99%, respectively. High removal efficiencies for all metals can only be obtained with multi-substrate filters, having metal specific sorption capacities.
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| 10. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping biotopes of river corridors using GIS, Remote Sensing, and Decision Tree Analysis for ecotechnological applications
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University-SGGW, Land Reclamation. - Warszawa : Warsaw Agricultural University Press. - 0208-5771. ; :34, s. 43-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A biotope classification map was created for a 215 km stretch of the Ljusnan River, Sweden, by combining GIS, satellite remote sensing, and decision tree analysis. Traditional methods of biotope mapping are both labour intensive and slow. Decision tree algorithms have significant potential in this area, particularly in highly fragmented landscapes, which conventional satellite remote sensing techniques or GIS models are unsuited to. In this study, several Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived thematic layers (Topographical Wetness Index, Slope, and Euclidean distance from river), Landsat-7 ETM derived data (NDVI and Principal Component Analysis 1, 2, 3, 4), and other ancillary GIS layers were combined and input into KnowledgeSTUDIOTM decision tree software. A decision tree was generated and was used to compile a set of classification rules. A biotope classification map (9 classes), was the final output. An overall accuracy of 50% was achieved in the accuracy assessment. The method is developed to be applied in studies, which predict the ecological consequences of nature development projects in riverine areas, and for calculations of river corridor functions.
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