| 1. |
- Alminger, Marie, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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In Vitro Models for Studying Secondary Plant Metabolite Digestion and Bioaccessibility
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. - : Wiley. - 1541-4337. ; 13:4, s. 413-436
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased interest in secondary plant metabolites, such as polyphenols and carotenoids, due to their proposed health benefits. Much attention has focused on their bioavailability, a prerequisite for further physiological functions. As human studies are time consuming, costly, and restricted by ethical concerns, in vitro models for investigating the effects of digestion on these compounds have been developed and employed to predict their release from the food matrix, bioaccessibility, and assess changes in their profiles prior to absorption. Most typically, models simulate digestion in the oral cavity, the stomach, the small intestine, and, occasionally, the large intestine. A plethora of models have been reported, the choice mostly driven by the type of phytochemical studied, whether the purpose is screening or studying under close physiological conditions, and the availability of the model systems. Unfortunately, the diversity of model conditions has hampered the ability to compare results across different studies. For example, there is substantial variability in the time of digestion, concentrations of salts, enzymes, and bile acids used, pH, the inclusion of various digestion stages; and whether chosen conditions are static (with fixed concentrations of enzymes, bile salts, digesta, and so on) or dynamic (varying concentrations of these constituents). This review presents an overview of models that have been employed to study the digestion of both lipophilic and hydrophilic phytochemicals, comparing digestive conditions in vitro and in vivo and, finally, suggests a set of parameters for static models that resemble physiological conditions.
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| 2. |
- Iles, Mark M., et al.
(författare)
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A variant in FTO shows association with melanoma risk not due to BMI
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:4, s. 428-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of an association study of melanoma that is based on the genome-wide imputation of the genotypes of 1,353 cases and 3,566 controls of European origin conducted by the GenoMEL consortium. This revealed an association between several SNPs in intron 8 of the FTO gene, including rs16953002, which replicated using 12,313 cases and 55,667 controls of European ancestry from Europe, the USA and Australia (combined P = 3.6 x 10(-12), per-allele odds ratio for allele A = 1.16). In addition to identifying a new melanomasusceptibility locus, this is to our knowledge the first study to identify and replicate an association with SNPs in FTO not related to body mass index (BMI). These SNPs are not in intron 1 (the BMI-related region) and exhibit no association with BMI. This suggests FTO's function may be broader than the existing paradigm that FTO variants influence multiple traits only through their associations with BMI and obesity.
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| 3. |
- Ao, Y., et al.
(författare)
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The thermal state of molecular clouds in the Galactic center: evidence for non-photon-driven heating
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221. ; 9:S303, s. 89-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 m telescope at 218 GHz to observe molecular clouds simultaneously in the J_KA,Kc=3_03→2_02,3_22→2_21,and 3_21→2_20 transitions of para-H2CO to determine kinetic temperatures of the dense gas in the central molecular zone of the Galaxy. Gas kinetic temperatures for individual molecular clouds range from 55 to 125 K or even higher. The molecular clouds at high temperatures may be heated by turbulent dissipation and/or cosmic-rays
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| 4. |
- Ao, Y., et al.
(författare)
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The thermal state of molecular clouds in the Galactic center: evidence for non-photon-driven heating
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 m telescope to observe the J(KAKc) = 3(03) -> 2(02), 3(22) -> 2(21), and 3(21) -> 2(20) transitions of para-H2CO at 218 GHz simultaneously to determine kinetic temperatures of the dense gas in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy. The map extends over approximately 40' x 8' (similar to 100 x 20 pc(2)) along the Galactic plane with a linear resolution of 1.2 pc. The strongest of the three lines, the H2CO (3(03) -> 2(02)) transition, is found to be widespread, and its emission shows a spatial distribution similar to ammonia. The relative abundance of para-H2CO is 0.5 - 1.2 x 10(-9), which is consistent with results from lower frequency H2CO absorption lines. Derived gas kinetic temperatures for individual molecular clouds range from 50K to values in excess of 100 K. While a systematic trend toward (decreasing) kinetic temperature versus (increasing) angular distance from the Galactic center (GC) is not found, the clouds with highest temperature (T-kin > 100 K) are all located near the nucleus. For the molecular gas outside the dense clouds, the average kinetic temperature is 65 +/- 10 K. The high temperatures of molecular clouds on large scales in the GC region may be driven by turbulent energy dissipation and / or cosmic-rays instead of photons. Such a non-photon-driven thermal state of the molecular gas provides an excellent template for the more distant vigorous starbursts found in ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs).
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| 5. |
- Sanchez-Fernandez, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Dual-band microstrip patch antenna based on short-circuited ring and spiral resonators for implantable medical devices
- 2010
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Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725 .- 1751-8733. ; 4:8, s. 1048-1055
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along this document, an innovative dual band microstrip patch antenna is proposed for implantable medical devices. Particularly, the covered bands are MICS (402-405 MHz) and ISM (2.4-2.48 GHz). The antenna has a multilayer configuration where the feeding line and the radiating elements are located at different levels. The radiating elements of the antenna are a split ring resonator (SRR) coupled to a Spiral. Both elements are short-circuited to the ground plane to achieve size reduction. In addition, the effects of human body geometry and dielectric properties on the characteristics of the proposed design are studied. Three models of the human body are investigated: one-layer, three-layer and a realistic human body based on the Voxel Man dataset. Finally, simulated results have been validated by measuring return losses of the antenna embedded in mimicking gels, radiation patterns (in anechoic chamber) and radiation efficiency (in reverberation chamber).
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| 6. |
- Stacey, Simon N, et al.
(författare)
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A germline variant in the TP53 polyadenylation signal confers cancer susceptibility.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 43:11, s. 1098-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify new risk variants for cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, we performed a genome-wide association study of 16 million SNPs identified through whole-genome sequencing of 457 Icelanders. We imputed genotypes for 41,675 Illumina SNP chip-typed Icelanders and their relatives. In the discovery phase, the strongest signal came from rs78378222[C] (odds ratio (OR) = 2.36, P = 5.2 × 10(-17)), which has a frequency of 0.0192 in the Icelandic population. We then confirmed this association in non-Icelandic samples (OR = 1.75, P = 0.0060; overall OR = 2.16, P = 2.2 × 10(-20)). rs78378222 is in the 3' untranslated region of TP53 and changes the AATAAA polyadenylation signal to AATACA, resulting in impaired 3'-end processing of TP53 mRNA. Investigation of other tumor types identified associations of this SNP with prostate cancer (OR = 1.44, P = 2.4 × 10(-6)), glioma (OR = 2.35, P = 1.0 × 10(-5)) and colorectal adenoma (OR = 1.39, P = 1.6 × 10(-4)). However, we observed no effect for breast cancer, a common Li-Fraumeni syndrome tumor (OR = 1.06, P = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.88-1.27).
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