| 1. |
- Hirai, T., et al.
(författare)
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R&D on full tungsten divertor and beryllium wall for JET ITER-like wall project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Fusion engineering and design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-3796 .- 1873-7196. ; 82:15-24, s. 1839-1845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ITER reference materials have been tested separately in tokamaks, plasma simulators, ion beams and high heat flux test beds. In order to perform a fully integrated material test JET has launched the ITER-like Wall Project with the aim of installing a full metal wall during the next major shutdown. As a result of R&D projects in 2005-2006, bulk tungsten tiles are foreseen at the outer horizontal target and tungsten coating at the other divertor tiles. In some regions of the main chamber, beryllium coated Inconel tiles and bulk beryllium tiles are utilised which include marker tiles as erosion diagnostics. This paper gives an overview of the R&D carried out in the frame of the ITER-like Wall Project on the development of an inertially cooled bulk tungsten tile design and the characterization of tungsten and beryllium coating technologies.
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| 2. |
- Maier, H., et al.
(författare)
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Tungsten and beryllium armour development for the JET ITER-like wall project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 47:3, s. 222-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the ITER-like wall project at JET the present main chamber CFC tiles will be exchanged with Be tiles and in parallel a fully tungsten-clad divertor will be prepared. Therefore three R&D programmes were initiated: Be coatings on Inconel as well as Be erosion markers were developed for the first wall of the main chamber. High heat flux screening and cyclic loading tests carried out on the Be coatings on Inconel showed excellent performance, above the required power and energy density. For the divertor a conceptual design for a bulk W horizontal target plate was investigated, with the emphasis on minimizing electromagnetic forces. The design consisted of stacks of W lamellae of 6 mm width that were insulated in the toroidal direction. High heat flux tests of a test module were performed with an electron beam at an absorbed power density Up to 9 MW m(-2) for more than 150 pulses and finally with increasing power loads leading to surface temperatures in excess of 3000 degrees C. No macroscopic failure occurred during the test while SEM showed the development of micro-cracks on the loaded surface. For all other divertor parts R&D was performed to provide the technology to coat the 2-directional CFC material used at JET with thin tungsten coatings. The W-coated CFC tiles were subjected to heat loads with power densities ranging up to 23.5 MW m(-2) and exposed to cyclic heat loading for 200 pulses at 10.5 MW m(-2). All coatings developed cracks perpendicular to the CFC fibres due to the stronger contraction of the coating upon cool-down after the heat pulses.
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| 3. |
- Nälsén, C, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary (n-3) fatty acids reduce plasma F2-isoprostanes but not prostaglandin F2alpha in healthy humans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 136:5, s. 1222-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (n-3) Fatty acids are unsaturated and are therefore easily subject to oxidization; however, they have several beneficial health effects, which include protection against cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether (n-3) fatty acids, with a controlled fat quality in the background diet, affect nonenzymatic and enzymatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in humans. A total of 162 men and women in a multicenter study (The KANWU study) were randomly assigned to a diet containing a high proportion of saturated fatty acids or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for 3 mo. Within each diet group, there was a second random assignment to supplementation with fish-oil capsules [3.6 g (n-3) fatty acids/d] or placebo. Biomarkers of nonenzymatic and enzymatic lipid peroxidation in vivo were determined by measuring 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) concentrations in plasma at baseline and after 3 mo. Antioxidant status was determined by measuring plasma antioxidant capacity with an enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The plasma 8-iso-PGF2α concentration was significantly decreased after 3 mo of supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids (P = 0.015), whereas the PGF2α concentration was not affected. The antioxidant status was not affected by supplementation of (n-3) fatty acids, but was improved by the background diet with a high proportion of MUFA. We conclude that supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids decreases nonenzymatic free radical–catalyzed isoprostane formation, but does not affect cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin formation.
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