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| 3. |
- Grennfelt, Peringe, et al.
(författare)
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Second generation Abatement Strategies for NOx, NH3, SO2 and VOC
- 1993
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The UN ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) has decieded on reduction of transboundary air pollution in three protocols; one on sulphur, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOC) respectively. The protocols are not sufficient to solve the problem in Europe and further reductions and agreement are necessary to achieve sustainable ecosystem in Europe
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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On the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor microcavity lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1041-1135 .- 1941-0174. ; 6, s. 1312-1314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small signal injection current modulation bandwidth of vertical cavity microlasers in the conventional macroscopic regime and in the microscopic regime of "controlled spontaneous emission" is investigated. A microlaser, under constraint of nonlinear gain or current density limitations, is found to have the same intrinsic modulation bandwidth as conventional edge-emitting lasers with the same cavity losses and photon density.<>
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal replacement therapy and sexuality in a population of Swedish postmenopausal women
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 72:4, s. 292-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All women (n = 2465) living in the community of Linköping, Sweden, aged 55, 57, 59 and 65 years were studied in a cross-sectional trial concerning the prevalence of vasomotor symptoms, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and sexual activities. After one reminder, answers were received from 1867 (76%) women. In all, 51% of the women reported vasomotor symptoms. Ten percent of the women used HRT at the time of the survey. Another 10% of the women had previously used oral HRT but had abandoned treatment. One third of these women reported no vasomotor symptoms when they abandoned treatment. One fifth ceased treatment after recommendation from their physician and another fifth because of ‘fear’ of hormonal treatment.Sixty-two percent of the women reported sexual activity. The most common reasons for not having a regular sex-life were lack of partner or lack of desire.
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| 6. |
- Massa, G, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelium-dependent relaxation after short-term preservation of vascular grafts
- 1994
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 1552-6259. ; 58:4, s. 1117-1122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the integrity of graft endothelium seems to be essential to successful long-term patency in coronary operations, its preservation demands the utmost care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of currently used solutions on endothelium-dependent relaxation after short-term storage of vessels at room temperature or at 4 degrees C. The infrarenal rat aorta was selected for study because its use enabled standardization of the investigation, which was performed in organ baths on 672 vessel segments from 112 Sprague-Dawley rats. Stable vasoconstriction was obtained with the thromboxane analogue U-46619. Acetylcholine was used to elicit endothelium-dependent relaxation. The results obtained for vessels preserved for 2 hours were compared with those for autologous vessels studied immediately after harvesting. Vessel contractility was unaffected by the preservation solutions, except in the Ringer's acetate group, where it was reduced by 50% (p < 0.05). Endothelium-independent relaxation, tested with papaverine, was unaffected in all groups. Ringer's lactate, Krebs solution, and Perfadex (a low-potassium-dextran-glucose solution) did not significantly affect endothelium-dependent relaxation either at room temperature or at 4 degrees C, although a tendency to impaired relaxation was seen in these three groups after cold storage. Standard Ringer's solution and fresh heparinized blood each significantly reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels stored at room temperature (p < 0.05), but not in those stored at 4 degrees C. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was significantly reduced after storage in normal saline solution (p < 0.05) and in Ringer's acetate (p < 0.01), both at room temperature and at 4 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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| 7. |
- Richard, Levi, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Episodic cluster headache. I : Personality and some neuropsychological characteristics in male patients.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Headache. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0017-8748 .- 1526-4610. ; 32:3, s. 119-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The etiology and pathogenesis of cluster headache remain largely unknown. Some previous studies have focused on personality characteristics in cluster headache. However, no consistent personality profile has been found. The present study applied two personality inventories, the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Heart and Lifestyle Type A Measure (HALTAM), that have not previously been used in the context of cluster headache. A correlation has been suggested between left-handedness and early learning difficulties, and cluster headache. Thus, these variables were included and measured by inventory techniques. Forty-nine out of 51 consecutive male patients with episodic cluster headache participated in the present study. As compared to controls, the cluster headache patients were significantly more anxiety-prone (higher scores in the KSP Somatic anxiety and Muscular tension subscales), less successfully socialized (low scores in the KSP Socialization scale), and had a more hostile attitude towards others (higher scores in the HALTAM Hostility scale). No relationships between left-handedness or early learning difficulties, and cluster headache disease were found. The implications of the personality differences for the etiology of cluster headache disease are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Richard, Levi, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Episodic cluster headache. II : High tobacco and alcohol consumption in males.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Headache. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0017-8748 .- 1526-4610. ; 32:4, s. 184-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty-nine out of 51 consecutive male patients with episodic cluster headache were studied with regard to their smoking and drinking habits in general and in relation to cluster headache periods. Questionnaires were constructed for data regarding tobacco intake. Situation-related smoking behavior was registered according to Frith (1971). Screening for alcohol over-consumption was made using the Malmö modification of the brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (Mm-MAST). Eighty-three percent of the patients used tobacco on a regular basis at the time of the study, with an average consumption of 20 cigarettes per day. Only 3% had never used tobacco regularly. The smoking-related desire to smoke in different situations was consistent with what is found in a general population of smokers. Sixty-seven percent of the patients had scores on the Mm-MAST indicative of alcohol over-consumption (i.e. heavy social drinking or alcoholism). During active headache periods 79% decreased their alcohol intake, whereas no consistent change in tobacco consumption was reported for the group as a whole. These findings were further corroborated by the fact that alcohol, but not tobacco intake, was reported by the majority of patients to elicit headache attacks during periods. Thus, our study showed high alcohol and tobacco consumption to be prominent features in male patients with episodic cluster headache. Since neither alcohol nor tobacco appear to have properties of ameliorating headache periods or attacks, the addictive behavior in our patients more likely reflects certain personality characteristics.
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| 9. |
- Schatz, Richard, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Steady state model for facet heating leading to thermal runaway in semiconductor lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 76, s. 2509-2521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A steady state model is presented which provides new insight into the thermal runaway process that leads to catastrophic damage of semiconductor lasers. We show that thermal runaway is preceded by a situation where two self consistent thermal steady state solutions exist at low output power, one stable and one unstable. When the output power is increased, the two solutions degenerate and disappear which means that the laser will enter thermal runaway. The steady state model consists of two parts: a three dimensional thermal model and a one dimensional model for the carrier diffusion towards the facet. The temperature dependence of both the heat sources and the thermal conductivity play the crucial role. Also ordinary bulk heating is shown to be an important factor. Both 0.88 #x3bc;m GaAs lasers and 1.5 #x3bc;m InGaAsP lasers are discussed and minimum values of surface recombination and output power needed for thermal runaway are given. Thermal runaway in GaAs lasers can be explained by the model for realistic values of surface recombination. However, the calculated values of needed output power are significantly higher than what is experienced in reality. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are given.
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