| 1. |
- Welsh, Joshua A., et al.
(författare)
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Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2001-3078. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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| 2. |
- Alonso Vicario, S., et al.
(författare)
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Unravelling the influence of human behaviour on reducing casualties during flood evacuation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 65:14, s. 2359-2375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floods are the natural hazards that are causing the most deaths worldwide. Flood early warning systems are one of the most cost-efficient methods to reduce death rates, triggering decisions about the evacuation of exposed population. Although previous studies have investigated the effect of human behaviours on evacuation processes, studies analysing a combination of behaviours, flood onset and warning timing are limited. Our objective is to explore how changes on the aforementioned factors can affect casualties. This is done within a modelling framework that includes an agent-based model, a hydraulic model, and a traffic model, which is implemented for the case study of Orvieto (Italy). The results show that the number of casualties is most impacted by people's behaviour. Besides, we found that a delay of 30 min in releasing the warning can boost the number of casualties up to six times. These results may help managers to propose effective emergency plans.
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| 3. |
- Ridolfi, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Electrostatic interactions control the adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto supported lipid bilayers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - 0021-9797. ; 650, s. 883-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communication between cells located in different parts of an organism is often mediated by membrane-enveloped nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV binding and cell uptake mechanisms depend on the heterogeneous composition of the EV membrane. From a colloidal perspective, the EV membrane interacts with other biological interfaces via both specific and non-specific interactions, where the latter include long-ranged electrostatic and van der Waals forces, and short-ranged repulsive “steric-hydration” forces. While electrostatic forces are generally exploited in most EV immobilization protocols, the roles played by various colloidal forces in controlling EV adsorption on surfaces have not yet been thoroughly addressed. In the present work, we study the adsorption of EVs onto supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) carrying different surface charge densities using a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We demonstrate that EV adsorption onto lipid membranes can be controlled by varying the strength of electrostatic forces and we theoretically describe the observed phenomena within the framework of nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Our modelling results confirm the experimental observations and highlight the crucial role played by attractive electrostatics in EV adsorption onto lipid membranes. They furthermore show that simplified theories developed for model lipid systems can be successfully applied to the study of their biological analogues and provide new fundamental insights into EV-membrane interactions with potential use in developing novel EV separation and immobilization strategies.
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