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- Dork, T, et al.
(författare)
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Two truncating variants in FANCC and breast cancer risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1, s. 12524-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with 22 disease-causing genes reported to date. In some FA genes, monoallelic mutations have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, while the risk associations of others remain unknown. The gene for FA type C, FANCC, has been proposed as a breast cancer susceptibility gene based on epidemiological and sequencing studies. We used the Oncoarray project to genotype two truncating FANCC variants (p.R185X and p.R548X) in 64,760 breast cancer cases and 49,793 controls of European descent. FANCC mutations were observed in 25 cases (14 with p.R185X, 11 with p.R548X) and 26 controls (18 with p.R185X, 8 with p.R548X). There was no evidence of an association with the risk of breast cancer, neither overall (odds ratio 0.77, 95%CI 0.44–1.33, p = 0.4) nor by histology, hormone receptor status, age or family history. We conclude that the breast cancer risk association of these two FANCC variants, if any, is much smaller than for BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations. If this applies to all truncating variants in FANCC it would suggest there are differences between FA genes in their roles on breast cancer risk and demonstrates the merit of large consortia for clarifying risk associations of rare variants.
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- Ebben, Remco H. A., et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of implementation strategies for the improvement of guideline and protocol adherence in emergency care : a systematic review
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 8:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Guideline and protocol adherence in prehospital and in-hospital emergency departments (EDs) is suboptimal. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to identify effective strategies for improving guideline and protocol adherence in prehospital and ED settings. Design Systematic review. Data sources PubMed (including MEDLINE), CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane. Methods We selected (quasi) experimental studies published between 2004 and 2018 that used strategies to increase guideline and protocol adherence in prehospital and in-hospital emergency care. Pairs of two independent reviewers performed the selection process, quality assessment and data extraction. Results Eleven studies were included, nine of which were performed in the ED setting and two studies were performed in a combined prehospital and ED setting. For the ED setting, the studies indicated that educational strategies as sole intervention, and educational strategies in combination with audit and feedback, are probably effective in improving guideline adherence. Sole use of reminders in the ED setting also showed positive effects. The two studies in the combined prehospital and ED setting showed similar results for the sole use of educational interventions. Conclusions Our review does not allow firm conclusion on how to promote guideline and protocol adherence in prehospital emergency care, or the combination of prehospital and ED care. For ED settings, the sole use of reminders or educational interventions and the use of multifaceted strategies of education combined with audit and feedback are all likely to be effective in improving guideline adherence.
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- Nilsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Ecological Restoration as a Means of Managing Inland Flood Hazards
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 0006-3568 .- 1525-3244. ; 68:2, s. 89-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many streams and rivers experience major floods. Historically, human societies have responded to such floods by moving away from them or by abating them, the latter with large negative impacts on stream and river ecology. Societies are currently implementing a strategy of "living with floods,"which may involve ecological restoration. It further involves flood mapping, forecasting, and warning systems. We evaluate 14 different stream-and river-restoration measures, which differ in their capacity to modify water retention and runoff. We discuss these restoration measures in the light of predicted changes in climate and flooding and discuss future restoration needs. We focus on the Nordic countries, where substantial changes in the water cycle are foreseen. We conclude that sustainable solutions require researchers to monitor the effect of flood management and study the relative importance of individual restoration measures, as well as the side effects of flood attenuation.
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- Riis, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Tooth Survival after Surgical or Nonsurgical Endodontic Retreatment: Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Endodontics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0099-2399. ; 44:10, s. 1480-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine long-term tooth survival after endodontic retreatment and whether the presence of intraradicular posts influences the outcome. Methods: Ninety-five teeth were randomly assigned to surgical or nonsurgical endodontic retreatment. Forty-seven teeth in 45 patients were treated by conventional endodontic surgery and 48 teeth (47 patients) by nonsurgical retreatment, including the removal of intraradicular posts in 37 (77%). The outcome was tooth survival; follow-up continued until the tooth had been extracted, at least 10 years had elapsed since retreatment, the patient declined further follow-up, or the patient died. The Fisher exact test was used to analyze differences between the groups. Results: The median follow-up time was 10.1 years (range, 0.0-15.6 years). The overall survival rate was 76%, with no significant differences in long-term tooth survival between retreatment methods or the presence of an intraradicular post. The reasons for tooth extraction were related to the retreatment method. Vertical root fractures were significantly more frequent in the nonsurgical group when retreatment included post removal (P =.036). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in long-term tooth survival after surgical or nonsurgical retreatment. The presence of intraradicular posts did not affect long-term tooth survival, but for teeth with posts, those retreated nonsurgically were more frequently extracted because of vertical root fractures than those retreated surgically (P =.036). The major limitations of the study were a smaller sample size and the use of outmoded retreatment techniques.
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- Riis Jepsen, Jørgen, et al.
(författare)
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Risk Factors for Fatigue in Shipping, the Consequences for Seafarers’ Health and Options for Preventive Intervention
- 2017
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Ingår i: Maritime Psychology. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319454283 - 9783319454306 ; , s. 127-150
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consequences of fatigue for the health and safety of seafarers have caused concern in the industry and among academics, and indicates the importance of further research into risk factors and preventive interventions at sea. This chapter gives an overview of the key issues relating to seafarer fatigue. A literature study was conducted aimed at collecting publications that address risk factors for fatigue, short-term and long-term consequences for health and safety, and options for fatigue mitigation at sea. Due to the limited number of publications that deal with seafarers, experiences from other populations sharing the same exposures (e.g. shift work) were also included when appropriate. Work at sea involves multiple risk factors for fatigue, which in addition to acute effects (e.g. impaired cognition, accidents) contributes through autonomic, immunologic and metabolic pathways to the development of chronic diseases that are particularly prevalent in seafarers. Taking into account the frequency of seafarer fatigue and the severity of its consequences, the efficacy of the current legislative framework and the industry’s compliance, the manning of the international merchant fleet, and optimized working, living and sleeping conditions at sea all need serious reconsideration. Given the circumstances at sea which cannot be altered, e.g. working in shifts and crossing time zones, further assessment of the potentials of preventive interventions including fatigue prediction tools and individual Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) is recommended.
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| 10. |
- Riis Jepsen, Jørgen, et al.
(författare)
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Seafarer fatigue : a review of risk factors, consequences for seafarers' health and safety and options for mitigation
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Maritime Health. - 1641-9251 .- 2081-3252. ; 66:2, s. 106-117
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The consequences of fatigue for the health and safety of seafarers has caused concern in the industry and among academics, and indicates the importance of further research into risk factors and preventive interventions at sea. This review gives an overview of the key issues relating to seafarer fatigue.Materials and methods: A literature study was conducted aiming to collect publications that address risk factors for fatigue, short-term and long-term consequences for health and safety, and options for fatigue mitigation at sea. Due to the limited number of publications that deals with seafarers, experiences from other populations sharing the same exposures (e.g. shift work) were also included when appropriate.Results: Work at sea involves multiple risk factors for fatigue, which in addition to acute effects (e.g., impaired cognition, accidents) contributes through autonomic, immunologic and metabolic pathways to the development of chronic diseases that are particularly prevalent in seafarers.Conclusions: Taking into account the frequency of seafarer fatigue and the severity of its consequences, one should look into the efficacy of the current legislative framework and the industry’s compliance, the manning of the international merchant fleet, and optimised working, living and sleeping conditions at sea. Considering circumstances at sea, e.g. working in shifts and crossing time zones, that cannot be altered, further assessment of the potentials of preventive interventions including fatigue prediction tools and individual fatigue mitigation management systems is recommended.
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