| 1. |
- Linder, Jan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Degenerative changes were common in brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease in a population-based cohort
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 256:10, s. 1671-1680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to compare them with healthy controls, to relate the findings to clinical subtypes - tremor dominant (TD) or postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) - and to investigate the relationship between both the duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and the severity of symptoms and the MRI findings. Patients with a definite PD diagnosis were compared to patients with a probable PD diagnosis. We hypothesized that the PIGD subtype, the probable PD group, a greater symptom severity and a longer symptom duration would all be associated with more frequent pathological findings. Sixty-six PD patients were included and examined with MRI, 35 with the PIGD subtype and 23 with the TD subtype. Fifty-three had definite PD and 13 probable PD. Thirty healthy individuals, matched for age and sex, served as controls. Degenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex and the superior cerebellar peduncle were significantly more common in the probable PD group than in the controls, suggesting the possibility of an emerging atypical parkinsonian disorder. No significant MRI differences were found between definite PD and controls, between definite PD and probable PD, nor between PIGD and TD. No significant associations were found between duration to diagnosis and MRI results, nor between severity of symptoms and MRI results. Thus, although pathological MRI findings were common they can not be used to separate subgroups of PD in newly diagnosed patients.
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| 4. |
- Bergdahl, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of chronic stress in employees: Subjective, cognitive, and neural correlates.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 46:5, s. 395-402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study reports the effect of an affect-focused intervention program, the Affect School (AS), on stress, psychological symptoms, cognitive functioning and neural activity. Fifty employees in social service and education, with high levels of chronic stress, were randomly divided into a treatment (N=27) and control (N=23) group. Complete sets of data were available in 20 participants in the treatment group and in 17 in the control group. The Percieved Stress Questionnaire assessed stress and the Symptom Chech List-90 psychological symptoms before and after the treatment. Episodic-memory functioning under focussed and divided attention conditions was also assessed. Prior and after the AS, seven participants in the treatment group were studied with fMRI during episodic memory processing. After the AS there was a reduction in stress and psychological symptoms for the treatment group but not in the control group. The controls showed a reduction in episodic memory functioning whereas the performance of the treatment group remained intact. The fMRI scanning indicated a qualitative change in the neural network subserving episodic memory. These preliminary results suggest that the AS is effective on individuals with high stress.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptotic signalling in HeLa Hep2 cells following 5 Gy of cobalt-60 gamma radiation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 29:11, s. 4361-4366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The apoptotic signalling pathways involved in the delayed type of apoptosis occurring in HeLa Hep2 cells following radiation were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HeLa Hep2 cells were exposed to 5 Gy of cobalt-60 radiation. The activation of caspase-2, caspase-8, caspase-9 and effector caspase-3 was investigated by caspase assay plates and Western blots. Cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was analysed on Western blots. HeLa Hep2 cells were irradiated with or without preincubation with inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide, CHX) and caspases, followed by TUNEL staining and caspase assay plate evaluation. RESULTS: Initiator caspases-2, -8, -9, and effector caspase-3, were found to be activated and PARP cleaved following irradiation. CHX completely inhibited the caspase activation and the associated apoptosis. Pretreatment with caspase-2 inhibitor indicated that caspase-2 was involved in the execution of the apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Activation of the apoptotic signalling pathways following irradiation of HeLa Hep2 cells includes components from the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic pathways and seems to require de novo protein synthesis.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Cell cycle disturbances and mitotic catastrophes in HeLa Hep2 cells following 2.5 to 10 Gy of ionizing radiation.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clin Cancer Res. - 1078-0432. ; 13:18 Pt 2, s. 5501s-5508s
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Experimental radioimmunotherapy delivering absorbed doses of 2.5 to 10 Gy has been shown to cause growth retardation of tumors. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the sequential molecular and cellular events occurring in HeLa Hep2 cells exposed to such doses. METHODS: Dose-response curves, activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and mitotic behavior were investigated in HeLa Hep2 cells following 2.5- to 10-Gy irradiation by carrying out 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, Western blots, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and immunofluorescence stainings. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: A G2-M arrest was shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. p53 and p21 were found to be up-regulated but were not immediately related to the arrest. The G2-M arrest was transient and the cells reentered the cell cycle still containing unrepaired cellular damage. This premature entry caused an increase of anaphase bridges, lagging chromosomal material, and multipolar mitotic spindles as visualized by propidium iodide staining and immunofluorescence staining with alpha-tubulin and gamma-tubulin antibodies. Furthermore, a dose-dependent significant increase in centrosome numbers from 12.6+/-6.6% to 67+/-5.3% was identified as well as a dose-dependent increase of polyploid cells from 2.8+/-1.3% to 17.6+/-2.1% with the highest absorbed dose of 10 Gy. These disturbances caused the cells to progress into mitotic catastrophe and a fraction of these dying cells showed apoptotic features as displayed by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining 5 to 7 days after irradiation. CONCLUSION: An absorbed dose of 2.5 to 10 Gy was shown to force HeLa Hep2 cells into mitotic catastrophe and delayed apoptosis. These might be important cell death mechanisms involved in tumor growth retardation following radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, David, et al.
(författare)
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Iodine-131 induces mitotic catastrophes and activates apoptotic pathways in HeLa Hep2 cells
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 23:5, s. 541-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iodine-131 (131I) has been used both in unconjugated form and conjugated to antibody derivates (i.e., radioimmunotherapy; RIT) to treat malignant diseases. The mechanisms by which 131I-irradiation causes growth retardation are, however, inadequately understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the sequential molecular and cellular events that initiate cell death in HeLa Hep2 cells exposed to 131I. In this paper, HeLa Hep2 cells were found to display a transient G2-M arrest following irradiation, but then reentered the cell cycle still containing unrepaired cellular damage. An increase of multipolar mitotic spindles, as well as a significant increase in centrosome numbers from 8.8% +/- 1.9% in controls to 54.7% +/- 2.2% in irradiated cells, was observed (p < 0.0001). A subsequent failure of cytokinesis caused the cells to progress into mitotic catastrophe. This was accompanied by the formation of giant cells with multiple nuclei, multilobulated nuclei, and an increased frequency of polyploidy cells. A fraction of the cells also displayed apoptotic features, including the activation of initiator caspases-2, -8, -9, and effector caspase-3, as well as cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a cell-death substrate for active caspase-3. These findings demonstrate that mitotic catastrophes and the activation of a delayed type of apoptosis might be important mechanisms involved in cell death following the RIT of solid tumors with -emitting radionuclides, such as 131I.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Similar frontal and distinct posterior cortical regions mediate visual and auditory perceptual awareness
- 2007
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Ingår i: Cerebral Cortex. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1047-3211 .- 1460-2199. ; 17:4, s. 760-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Activity in ventral visual cortex is a consistent neural correlate of visual consciousness. However, activity in this area seems insufficient to produce awareness without additional involvement of frontoparietal regions. To test the generality of the frontoparietal response, neural correlates of auditory awareness were investigated in a paradigm that previously has revealed frontoparietal activity during conscious visual perception. A within-experiment comparison showed that frontal regions were related to both visual and auditory awareness, whereas parietal activity was correlated with visual awareness and superior temporal activity with auditory awareness. These results indicate that frontal regions interact with specific posterior regions to produce awareness in different sensory modalities.
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| 9. |
- Erlandsson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo clearing of idiotypic antibodies with antiidiotypic antibodies and their derivatives
- 2006
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Ingår i: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 43:6, s. 599-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At immunolocalization of experimental tumors, idiotypic monoclonal antibodies, such as TS1 against cytokeratin 8, can be used to carry and deposit in vivo terapeutics in the tumor. These carriers also remain in the circulation and may cause negative side-effects in other tissues. In this report, several derivatives of the antiidiotypic antibody alphaTS1 were produced and tested for their clearing capacity of the idiotypic carrier antibody TS1. Intact monoclonal alphaTS1, scFv of a alphaTS1 and alphaTS1 Fab'2 and fragments were produced by recombinant technology or by cleavage with Ficin. The scFv was tailored by use of the variable domain genes of the light and heavy chain from the hybridoma clone in combination with a (Gly4Ser)3-linker, followed by expression in E. coli. When tested for clearing capacity, the intact divalent antiidiotypic IgG was found to be the most efficient. The divalent and the monovalent Fab fragment also demonstrated significant clearing, but lower than the intact antiidiotypic IgG. The alphaTS1 scFv antibody when injected separately was not found to clear the idiotype, but could do so when preincubated with the idiotype. Rapid excretion and in vivo instability of this low molecular weight antibody fragment may be the major reasons. Similar results were obtained when the system was reversed and the 131I-labeled antiidiotype IgG was cleared with the idiotype fragment. It is concluded that both intact antiidiotypic IgG, and Fab'2 fragments are able to clear the idiotypic antibodies. The experimental data support the conclusion that the Fc parts from both the idiotype and the antiidiotype may contribute to this elimination.
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