| 1. |
- Agostoni, Angelo, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary and acquired angioedema: problems and progress: proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 114:3 Suppl, s. 51-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare but life-threatening condition, manifests as acute attacks of facial, laryngeal, genital, or peripheral swelling or abdominal pain secondary to intra-abdominal edema. Resulting from mutations affecting C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), inhibitor of the first complement system component, attacks are not histamine-mediated and do not respond to antihistamines or corticosteroids. Low awareness and resemblance to other disorders often delay diagnosis; despite availability of C1-INH replacement in some countries, no approved, safe acute attack therapy exists in the United States. The biennial C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency Workshops resulted from a European initiative for better knowledge and treatment of HAE and related diseases. This supplement contains work presented at the third workshop and expanded content toward a definitive picture of angioedema in the absence of allergy. Most notably, it includes cumulative genetic investigations; multinational laboratory diagnosis recommendations; current pathogenesis hypotheses; suggested prophylaxis and acute attack treatment, including home treatment; future treatment options; and analysis of patient subpopulations, including pediatric patients and patients whose angioedema worsened during pregnancy or hormone administration. Causes and management of acquired angioedema and a new type of angioedema with normal C1-INH are also discussed. Collaborative patient and physician efforts, crucial in rare diseases, are emphasized. This supplement seeks to raise awareness and aid diagnosis of HAE, optimize treatment for all patients, and provide a platform for further research in this rare, partially understood disorder.
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| 2. |
- Friberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic real-time extraction of musical expression
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2002. ; , s. 365-367
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has identified a set of acoustical cues that are important in communicating different emotions in music performance. We have applied these findings in the development of a system that automatically predicts the expressive intention of the player. First, low-level cues of music performances are extracted from audio. Important cues include average and variability values of sound level, tempo, articulation, attack velocity, and spectral content. Second, linear regression models obtained from listening experiments are used to predict the intended emotion. Third, the prediction data can be visually displayed using, for example, color mappings in accordance with synesthesia research. Preliminary test results indicate that the system accurately predicts the intended emotion and is robust to minor errors in the cue extraction.
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| 3. |
- Juslin, Patrik N, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a computational model of expression in music performance: The GERM model
- 2002
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Ingår i: Musicae scientiae. - 1029-8649 .- 2045-4147. ; Special Issue 2001-2002, s. 63-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a computational model of expression in music performance: The GERM model. The purpose of the GERM model is to (a) describe the principal sources of variability in music performance, (b) emphasize the need to integrate different aspects of performance in a common model, and (c) provide some preliminaries (germ = a basis from which a thing may develop) for a computational model that simulates the different aspects. Drawing on previous research on performance, we propose that that performance expression derives from four main sources of variability: (1) Generative Rules, which function to convey the generative structure in a musical manner (e.g., Clarke, 1988; Sundberg, 1988); (2) Emotional Expression, which is governed by the performer’s expressive intention (e.g., Juslin, 1997a); (3) Random Variations, which reflect internal timekeeper variance and motor delay variance (e.g., Gilden, 2001; Wing & Kristofferson, 1973); and (4) Movement Principles, which prescribe that certain features of the performance are shaped in accordance with biological motion (e.g., Shove & Repp, 1995). A preliminary version of the GERM model was implemented by means of computer synthesis. Synthesized performances were evaluated by musically trained participants in a listening test. The results from the test support a decomposition of expression in terms of the GERM model. Implications for future research on music performance are discussed.
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| 4. |
- Lindström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Expressivity comes from within your soul" : A questionnaire study of music students' perspectives on expressivity
- 2003
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Ingår i: Research Studies in Music Education. - 1321-103X .- 1834-5530. ; 20:1, s. 23-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much has been written about expressivity by philosophers, composers, musicologists, and psychologists, but little is known about how the musicians of tomorrow – music students – approach this subject. This paper reports an exploratory study in which 135 students from music conservatories in three countries (England, Italy, Sweden) filled out a questionnaire that addressed four themes: (a) conceptualizing expressivity, (b) expressivity in everyday practice, (c) expressivity in music teaching, and (d) novel teaching strategies. The results suggest that students define expressivity mainly in terms of communicating emotions and "playing with feeling". Expressive skills are regarded as highly important by students, and they would like to practice more on expressivity than is currently the case. However, most students are skeptical toward using computers in teaching of expressivity since they cannot see how such applications could work. The results suggest that expressivity deserves more attention in music education than has hitherto been the case.
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| 5. |
- Sandulescu, Neculai, et al.
(författare)
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Superfluid properties of the inner crust of neutron stars
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 69:4, s. 045802-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superfluid properties of the inner crust matter of neutron stars, formed by nuclear clusters immersed in a dilute neutron gas, are analyzed in a self-consistent Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach. The calculations are performed with two pairing forces, fixed so as to obtain in infinite nuclear matter the pairing gaps provided by the Gogny force or by induced interactions. It is shown that the nuclear clusters can either suppress or enhance the pairing correlations inside the inner crust matter, depending on the density of the surrounding neutrons. The profile of the pairing field in the inner crust is rather similar for both pairing forces, but the values of the pairing gaps are drastically reduced for the force which simulates the polarization effects in infinite neutron matter.
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| 6. |
- Schoonderwaldt, Erwin, et al.
(författare)
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A system for improving the communication of emotion in music performance by feedback learning
- 2002
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. ; 111:5, s. 2471-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expressivity is one of the most important aspects of music performance. However, in music education, expressivity is often overlooked in favour of technical abilities. This could possibly depend on the difficulty in describing expressivity, which makes it problematic to provide the student with specific feedback. The aim of this project is to develop a computer program, which will improve the student’s ability in communicating emotion in music performance. The expressive intention of a performer can be coded in terms of performance parameters (cues), such as tempo, sound level, timbre, and articulation. Listeners’ judgements can be analyzed in the same terms. An algorithm was developed for automatic cue extraction from audio signals. Using note onset-offset detection, the algorithm yields values of sound level, articulation, IOI, and onset velocity for each note. In previous research, Juslin has developed a method for quantitative evaluation of performer-listener communication. This framework forms the basis of the present program. Multiple regression analysis on performances of the same musical fragment, played with different intentions, determines the relative importance of each cue and the consistency of cue utilization. Comparison with built-in listener models, simulating perceived expression using a regression equation, provides detailed feedback regarding the performer’s cue utilization.
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