| 1. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(author)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(author)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 3. |
- Phillips, Helen R. P., et al.
(author)
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Global distribution of earthworm diversity
- 2019
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6464, s. 480-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
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| 4. |
- Miao, Yang, et al.
(author)
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Comparing Channel Emulation Algorithms by Using Plane Waves and Spherical Vector Waves in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups
- 2019
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In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 67:6, s. 4091-4103
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper evaluates the performances of channel emulation algorithms in the multiprobe anechoic chamber (MPAC) by using plane wave (PW) and spherical vector wave (SVW) theories. Channel emulation in MPAC enables the over-the-air (OTA) testing of performances of wireless devices under realistic propagation scenarios, through setting excitation voltages of probes and utilizing the polarized radiation patterns, locations, and orientations of probe antennas to emulate desired fields in test zone. Accurate emulation of radio wave propagation in target scenario guarantees that the device under test (DUT) be assessed fairly in the laboratory. Dynamic multipath scenario and orthogonal polarization can be emulated by exciting the multiple probes in such a way that the total fields from probes resemble the target impinging field in the test zone. The excitation voltages can be either calculated by PWor SVW theories. Despite the fact that PW and SVW are mathematically equal in the far field, different treatments on rotation and translation of waves as well as different linear equations used in two methods result in different computed voltages, hence, different emulated fields. The emulation performances of the two methods with different MPAC setups (e.g., test zone size, probe number, probe sphere radius, and probe directivity) are investigated. Both scenarios of the 2-D field emulation with the 2-D probe configuration and the 3-D (or 2.5-D) field emulation with the 3-D probe configuration are discussed, and instructions on how to wisely use the emulation algorithm are provided.
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