| 1. |
- Hyde, K. D., et al.
(författare)
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Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa
- 2023
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Ingår i: MYCOSPHERE. - : Mushroom Research Foundation. - 2077-7000 .- 2077-7019. ; 14:1, s. 1960-2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others' work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
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| 2. |
- Li, Tian, et al.
(författare)
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Developing fibrillated cellulose as a sustainable technological material
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 590:7844, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, found in trees, waste from agricultural crops and other biomass. The fibres that comprise cellulose can be broken down into building blocks, known as fibrillated cellulose, of varying, controllable dimensions that extend to the nanoscale. Fibrillated cellulose is harvested from renewable resources, so its sustainability potential combined with its other functional properties (mechanical, optical, thermal and fluidic, for example) gives this nanomaterial unique technological appeal. Here we explore the use of fibrillated cellulose in the fabrication of materials ranging from composites and macrofibres, to thin films, porous membranes and gels. We discuss research directions for the practical exploitation of these structures and the remaining challenges to overcome before fibrillated cellulose materials can reach their full potential. Finally, we highlight some key issues towards successful manufacturing scale-up of this family of materials. Opportunities for the application of fibrillated cellulose materials-which can be extracted from renewable resources-and broader manufacturing issues of scale-up, sustainability and synergy with the paper-making industry are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Abidnejad, Roozbeh, et al.
(författare)
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Gas evolution in self-extinguishing and insulative nanopolysaccharide-based hybrid foams
- 2024
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lightweight, energy-efficient materials in building construction typically include polymeric and composite foams. However, these materials pose significant fire hazards due to their high combustibility and toxic gas emissions, including carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. This study delves into the latter aspects by comparing hybrid systems based on nanofiber-reinforced silica-based Pickering foams with a synthetic reference (polyurethane foams). The extent and dynamics of fire retardancy and toxic gas evolution were assessed, and the results revealed the benefits of combining the thermal insulation of silica with the structural strength of biobased nanofibers, the latter of which included anionic and phosphorylated cellulose as well as chitin nanofibers. We demonstrate that the nanofiber-reinforced silica-based Pickering foams are thermal insulative and provide both fire safety and energy efficiency. The results set the basis for the practical design of hybrid foams to advance environmental sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption in built environments.
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| 4. |
- Agustin, Melissa B., et al.
(författare)
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Lignin nanoparticles as co-stabilizers and modifiers of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions and foams
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Nature. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 30:14, s. 8955-8971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocellulose is very hydrophilic, preventing interactions with the oil phase in Pickering emulsions. This limitation is herein addressed by incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as co-stabilizers of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions. LNP addition decreases the oil droplet size and slows creaming at pH 5 and 8 and with increasing LNP content. Emulsification at pH 3 and LNP cationization lead to droplet flocculation and rapid creaming. LNP application for emulsification, prior or simultaneously with nanocellulose, favors stability given the improved interactions with the oil phase. The Pickering emulsions can be freeze–dried, enabling the recovery of a solid macroporous foam that can act as adsorbent for pharmaceutical pollutants. Overall, the properties of nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions and foams can be tailored by LNP addition. This strategy offers a unique, green approach to stabilize biphasic systems using bio-based nanomaterials without tedious and costly modification procedures.
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| 5. |
- Balakshin, Mikhail Yu, et al.
(författare)
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New Opportunities in the Valorization of Technical Lignins.
- 2021
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 14:4, s. 1016-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sugar-based biorefineries have faced significant economic challenges. Biorefinery lignins are often classified as low-value products (fuel or low-cost chemical feedstock) mainly due to low lignin purities in the crude material. However, recent research has shown that biorefinery lignins have a great chance of being successfully used as high-value products, which in turn should result in an economy renaissance of the whole biorefinery idea. This critical review summarizes recent developments from our groups, along with the state-of-the-art in the valorization of technical lignins, with the focus on biorefinery lignins. A beneficial synergistic effect of lignin and cellulose mixtures used in different applications (wood adhesives, carbon fiber and nanofibers, thermoplastics) has been demonstrated. This phenomenon causes crude biorefinery lignins, which contain a significant amount of residual crystalline cellulose, to perform superior to high-purity lignins in certain applications. Where previously specific applications required high-purity and/or functionalized lignins with narrow molecular weight distributions, simple green processes for upgrading crude biorefinery lignin are suggested here as an alternative. These approaches can be easily combined with lignin micro-/nanoparticles (LMNP) production. The processes should also be cost-efficient compared to traditional lignin modifications. Biorefinery processes allow much greater flexibility in optimizing the lignin characteristics desirable for specific applications than traditional pulping processes. Such lignin engineering, at the same time, requires an efficient strategy capable of handling large datasets to find correlations between process variables, lignin structures and properties and finally their performance in different applications.
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| 6. |
- Dahlström, Christina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Regenerated cellulose properties tailored for optimized triboelectric output and the effect of counter-tribolayers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cellulose. - : Springer Nature. - 0969-0239 .- 1572-882X. ; 31:4, s. 2047-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose has shown great potential in the development of green triboelectric nanogenerators. Particularly, regenerated cellulose (R-cellulose) has shown remarkably high output power density but the structural features and key parameters that explain such superior performance remain unexplored. In this work, wood cellulose fibers were dissolved in a LiOH(aq)-based solvent to produce a series of R-cellulose films. Regeneration in different alcohols (from methanol to n-pentanol) was performed and the films’ structural features and triboelectric performance were assessed. Nonsolvents of increased hydrophobicity led to R-cellulose films with a more pronounced (1–10) diffraction peak. An open-circuit voltage (VOC) of up to ca. 260 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of up to ca. 150 µA were measured for R-cellulose against polytetrafluoroethylene (as negative counter-layer). However, R-cellulose showed an increased VOC of 175% (from 88.1 V) against polydimethylsiloxane when increasing the alcohol hydrocarbon chain length from methanol to n-pentanol. The corresponding ISC and output power also increased by 76% (from 89.9 µA) and by 382% (from 8.8 W m–2), respectively. The higher R-cellulose hydrophilicity, combined with soft counter-tribolayer that follow the surface structures increasing the effective contact area, are the leading reasons for a superior triboelectric performance.
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| 7. |
- Dahlström, Christina, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Triboelectric Performance Of Regenerated Cellulose
- 2023
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts EPNOE 2023. - : Graz University of Technology. ; , s. 116-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cellulose has shown great potential in the development of green triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) [1]. Particularly, regenerated cellulose (R-cellulose) has shown remarkably high output power density but the structural features and key parameters that explain such superior performance remain unexplored. In this work, wood cellulose fibers were dissolved in a LiOH(aq)-based solvent to produce a series of R-cellulose films. Regeneration in different alcohols (from methanol to n-pentanol) was performed and the films’ structural features and triboelectric performance were assessed. Nonsolvents of increased hydrophobicity led to R-cellulose films with higher hydrophilic character; the films showed a (1- 10) diffraction peak of larger amplitude and higher apparent crystallinity. An open-circuit voltage (VOC) of up to ca. 260 V and a short-circuit current (ISC) of up to ca. 150 μA were measured for R-cellulose against polytetrafluoroethylene (as negative counter-layer). However, R-cellulose showed an increased VOC of 175% (from 88.1 V) against polydimethylsiloxane from methanol to n-pentanol. The corresponding ISC and output power also increased by 76% (from 89.9 μA) and by 382% (from 8.8 W m–2), respectively. The higher R-cellulose hydrophilicity, combined with soft counter-layer that follow the surface structures increasing the effective contact area, are the leading reasons for a superior triboelectric performance.[1] Zhang, R., Dahlström, C., Zou, H., Jonzon, J., Hummelgård, M., Örtegren, J., Blomquist, N., Yang, Y., Andersson, H., Olsen, M., Norgren, M., Olin, H. & Wang, Z.L. Adv. Mater. 32, 2002824, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202002824
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| 8. |
- Fazeli, Mahyar, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin beyond the status quo: recent and emerging composite applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 26:2, s. 593-630
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for biodegradable materials across various industries has recently surged due to environmental concerns and the need for the adoption of renewable materials. In this context, lignin has emerged as a promising alternative, garnering significant attention as a biogenic resource that endows functional properties. This is primarily ascribed to its remarkable origin and structure that explains lignin's capacity to bind other molecules, reinforce composites, act as an antioxidant, and endow antimicrobial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in lignin-based composites, with particular emphasis on innovative methods for modifying lignin into micro and nanostructures and evaluating their functional contribution. Indeed, lignin-based composites can be tailored to have superior physicomechanical characteristics, biodegradability, and surface properties, thereby making them suitable for applications beyond the typical, for instance, in ecofriendly adhesives and advanced barrier technologies. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in the field of lignin utilization in emerging composite materials.
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| 9. |
- Lizundia, Erlantz, et al.
(författare)
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Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 23:18, s. 6698-6760
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant progress in lignins valorization and development of high-performance sustainable materials have been achieved in recent years. Reports related to lignin utilization indicate excellent prospects considering green chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, materials and polymer science, physical chemistry, biochemistry, among others. To fully realize such potential, one of the most promising routes involves lignin uses in nanocomposites and nanohybrid assemblies, where synergistic interactions are highly beneficial. This review first discusses the interfacial assembly of lignins with polysaccharides, proteins and other biopolymers, for instance, in the synthesis of nanocomposites. To give a wide perspective, we consider the subject of hybridization with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as uses as precursor of carbon materials and the assembly with other biobased nanoparticles, for instance to form nanohybrids. We provide cues to understand the fundamental aspects related to lignins, their self-assembly and supramolecular organization, all of which are critical in nanocomposites and nanohybrids. We highlight the possibilities of lignin in the fields of flame retardancy, food packaging, plant protection, electroactive materials, energy storage and health sciences. The most recent outcomes are evaluated given the importance of lignin extraction, within established and emerging biorefineries. We consider the benefit of lignin compared to synthetic counterparts. Bridging the gap between fundamental and application-driven research, this account offers critical insights as far as the potential of lignin as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of bioeconomy concepts and its application in value-added products.
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| 10. |
- Ruiz-Caldas, Maria-Ximena, 1991-
(författare)
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Discarded Textiles as an Underexplored Source of Cellulose Nanomaterials : Processing, Properties, and Applications in Lightweight Materials
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The valorization of discarded clothing offers significant economic, social, and environmental benefits by repurposing waste and presents a major opportunity to reduce landfill burden while providing an alternative to virgin raw materials. This thesis explores the potential of discarded garments as a source of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs).Sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (SCNCs) were extracted from cotton, polyester/cotton, and acrylic/cotton blends via sulfuric acid hydrolysis, with simultaneous recovery of the synthetic fibers. The properties of the highly pure extracted SCNCs were comparable to those from virgin cotton, despite the presence of textile dyes. A life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed a reduced environmental footprint for SCNC production using clothing rather than wood pulp as a feedstock.An alternative route for CNC extraction was developed: citric acid esterification and partial hydrolysis followed by mechanical fibrillation. This yielded citrated cellulose nanocrystals (CitCNCs) with carboxyl and citrated surface moieties, high crystallinity, a needle-like morphology, and a surface charge of 0.9 mmol g−1. The LCA identified the use of citric acid as the environmental hotspot for optimization, highlighting the importance of such assessments for guiding sustainable development from the laboratory scale.The versatility of cotton garments was explored by oxidizing them with NaClO and catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy/NaBr, yielding TO-Cotton with a surface charge of 1.4 mmol g−1. The NaClO also degraded the cotton fabric dyes. TO-Cotton was treated in two ways to generate distinct CNMs. First, it was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid to obtain carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (TCNCs) with an average surface charge of 1.1 mmol g−1 and a morphology similar to that of SCNCs. Second, TO-Cotton was mechanically fibrillated to yield carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (TO-CNFs).To investigate the influence of textile functionalization on the final properties of CNFs, cotton garments were cationized using (2,3-epoxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride to form Cat-Cotton, which was further fibrillated to yield Cat-CNFs. Both Cat-CNFs and TO-CNFs showed high surface charge (>0.9 mmol g−1), small cross-section (<10 nm), and high aspect ratio (>35). TO-CNFs were formed in higher yields and with a greater surface charge compared to Cat-CNFs. However, the Cat-CNFs possessed a higher aspect ratio and maintained colloidal stability over a wider pH range. Both CNFs were used to prepare nanopapers and foams, whose mechanical properties depended on the type of CNF.All three CNC types (SCNCs, CitCNCs, and TCNCs) were used to prepare anisotropic foams in combination with xanthan gum (XG). These foams exhibited minimal shrinkage after freeze-drying, high alignment, and excellent thermal stability. The CNC type influenced the foam properties: SCNC foams had the lowest water uptake, pristine CitCNC foams exhibited the best mechanical properties, and the incorporation of XG significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of TCNC foams.This thesis demonstrates the feasibility and potential of using post-consumer cotton fabrics as a feedstock for CNM production, indicating the versatility of the resulting CNMs in various applications.
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