| 1. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Mass Calibration in PIXE Analysis
- 1977
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Ingår i: X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Environmental Samples. - 0250401347 ; , s. 175-180
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Particle Size Distribution and Human Respiratory Deposition of Trace Metals in Indoor Work Environments
- 1976
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 19:3-4, s. 225-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory response to inhalation of fine particles has been investigated for the aerosol generated by welding. Particles were sampled using a pair of 5-stage cascade impactors operating at 1 l./min flow rate. The subject exhaled into one impactor through an air ballast arrangement, and the other impactor simultaneously sampled the surrounding air. Particle size fractions were analyzed for principal elemental constituents from sulphur to lead using proton induced X-ray emission, PIXE. The results indicated a complex respiratory response, including both increase in particle size due to exposure to high humidity in the respiratory tract and deposition of particles during inhalation. The response was found to be different for the element group Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni compared to the group K, Ca, Ti by observing the associations among the elements as a function of particle size in the inhaled and exhaled aerosol. However, for respiratory deposition efficiency alone in all runs averaged together, no systematic differences between the different elements are demonstrated at the 99 % confidence level.
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| 3. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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X-Ray Techniques for Aerosol Sulfur Baseline Assessment Along an Urban Freeway
- 1976
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Ingår i: Advances in X-Ray Analysis. ; 19, s. 415-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric aerosol particles have been sampled near a Los Angeles freeway and analyzed by proton-induced X-ray emission, PIXE, as a sulfur baseline study in September 1974 before 1975-model automobiles, equipped with catalytic emission control devices, appeared in large numbers. The sampling plan was optimized according to the requirements of X-ray analysis techniques, fluctuations in air flow across the freeway, and the time and particle size resolution of the aerosol sampling equipment. During five selected two-hour intervals with cross wind conditions, particles were collected as a function of size by six cascade impactors operating simultaneously on three towers at 2 and 7 meters above road level 35 meters upwind and 35 meters downwind of the traffic lanes. Particles as a function of time were sampled continuously, for the 100-hour duration of the experiment, from the tree 7-meter heights using time series streaker filter samplers with two-hour time resolution. Precise analysis of S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Br, and Pb established relationships which permit estimates to be made of future increases in particulate sulfur as a consequence of increased sulfate emissions from catalytic automobiles
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| 4. |
- Bylund, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The Caledonian Research Project (CRP): A Swedish contribution to the International Geodynamics Project (IGP)
- 1976
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Ingår i: GFF. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-5897 .- 2000-0863. ; 98:2, s. 99-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish contribution to the International Geodynamics Project (IGP) is concentrated in two major fields of research, the Caledonian Research Project and the Study of Postglacial Earth.Movements. Both projects are financed by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council This paper summarizes the research activities of the Caledonian Research Project (CRP). The IGP-CRP is an inter-disciplinary study involving geologists and geophysicists with a wide range of interests and drawn from institutions in Göteborg, Lund, Luleå, Stockholm and Uppsala. Various collaborative projects with foreign institutions are in progress. Research is concentrated geographically in a Geotraverse some 300 km long and 200 km wide, extending from the Caledonian Front in the vicinity of Östersund to the Norwegian coast west of Trondheim. CRP research is organized in nine subprojects, namely, Basement and Deep Structure, Basement—Cover Relationships, the Särv Nappe, the Seve—Köli Nappe Complex and Higher Tectonic Units, Pre-orogenic History, Palaeo-magnetism, Experimental and Theoretical Tectonics, Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Mechanism of Rock Deformation, and Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Metamorphism within the Geotraverse Area. Priority is given to research leading to a better understanding of crustal movements during the Caledonian evolution, during both the accumulation of the late Pre-Cambrian to Devonian sequences and their orogenic deformation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Desaedeleer, Georges G, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring Aerosol Elemental Composition in Particle Size Fractions for Predicting Human Respiratory Uptake
- 1977
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 142:1-2, s. 97-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton induced X-ray emission analysis is useful in measuring changes in particle size distribution of trace elements on exposure of aerosol to the human lung environment and deposition in the air-ways. PIXE analysis is also useful in detecting variations in particle size distributions of elements as they occur in the atmosphere. For the case of lead aerosol along a highway, it is shown that the extent and site of respiratory deposition of particles depend on their size, and the size distribution may vary under urban atmospheric conditions sufficiently to affect respiratory deposition efficiency.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nelson, J William, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Time Sequence Filter Sampling of Aerosols for Rapid Multi-Element Analysis by Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission
- 1976
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Ingår i: Advances in X-Ray Analysis. ; 19, s. 403-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automatic time sequence filter sampler has been developed for atmospheric aerosol particle sampling of ambient air and subsequent analysis for elemental composition using the proton beam of a Van de Graaff accelerator. Some features of the operation of the sampler are given, the retention of particles by the filter material are discussed, examples of the type of data obtained are presented, and some approaches to the numerical analysis of data for environmental interpretation are considered. Lines for further development and improvement in this type of sampler are indicated.
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