| 1. |
- Alcorn, J, et al.
(författare)
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Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5087 .- 0168-9002. ; 522:3, s. 294-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Hagiwara, K, et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 66:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review) Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website http //pdg 1b1 gov.
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| 3. |
- Englund, M, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-relevant outcomes fourteen years after meniscectomy : influence of type of meniscal tear and size of resection
- 2001
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1462-0324. ; 40:6, s. 631-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study long-term patient-relevant outcomes after meniscectomy, a surgical procedure associated with a high risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Principal objectives were to compare traumatic with degenerative meniscal tear and partial with subtotal meniscectomy.METHODS: We studied a well-defined cohort of 205 patients who had undergone isolated unilateral meniscectomy between 1983 and 1985. There was no previous knee surgery and all knees were stable. The type of meniscal tear and surgical resection was ascertained by review of medical records. Patients were followed up after 14 yr (range 12-15 yr) by self-administered questionnaires, one generic [Short Form 36 (SF-36)] and one disease-specific [Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)].RESULTS: In a multivariate analysis, using the Sports and Recreation Function and knee-related Quality of Life subscales of the KOOS questionnaire as dependent variables, patients with a degenerative tear scored significantly worse than individuals with a traumatic tear (P < or = 0.001). When we analysed unmatched subgroups and age- and sex-matched patients with degenerative or traumatic lesions, the same result was found for the knee-specific outcome (P < or = 0.02) and SF-36 except for Social Functioning (P < or = 0.04). There was no difference in outcome for the total cohort according to the type of resection. However, subgroup analyses showed that patients who underwent subtotal meniscectomy for a degenerative tear scored significantly worse on the knee-specific outcome than individuals who had had a partial meniscectomy for the same type of tear (P < or = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: The long-term outcome of meniscal injury and surgery appears to be determined largely by the type of meniscal tear. Furthermore, our findings support the use of minimal meniscal resection in the treatment of degenerative tears. We suggest that the disease processes associated with the development of OA of the joint cartilage may also be active in the meniscus, and that a tear in a meniscus with degenerative changes might be regarded as the first sign of OA of the joint.
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| 4. |
- Ståhl, H., et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing organic carbon recycling and burial in Skagerrak sediments
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Research. - : Journal of Marine Research/Yale. - 0022-2402 .- 1543-9542. ; 62:6, s. 867-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different factors influencing recycling and burial rates of organic carbon (OC) were investigated in the continental margin sediments of the Skagerrak (NE North Sea). Two different areas, one in the southern and one in the northeastern part of the Skagerrak were visited shortly after a spring bloom (March 1999) and in late summer (August 2000). Results suggested that: (1) Organic carbon oxidation rates (C-ox) (2.2-18 mmol Cm-2 d(-1)) were generally larger than the O-2 uptake rates (1.9-25 mmol m(-2) d(-1)). Both rates were measured in situ using a benthic lander. A mean apparent respiration ratio (C-ox:O-2corr) of 1.3 +/- 0.5 was found, indicating some long-term burial of reduced inorganic substances in these sediments. Measured O-2, fluxes increased linearly with increasing C-ox rates during the late summer cruise but not on the, early spring cruise, indicating a temporal uncoupling of anaerobic mineralization and reoxidation of reduced substances. (2) Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes (0.2-1.0 mmol Cm-2 d(-1)) constituted 3-10% of the C-ox rates and were positively correlated with the latter, implying that net DOC production rates were proportional to the overall sediment OC remineralization rates. (3) Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in the sediment were significantly higher in early spring compared to late summer. The measured C-ox rates, but not O-2 fluxes, showed a strong positive correlation with the Chl-a inventories in the top 3 cm of the sediment. (4) Although no relationship was found between the benthic fluxes and the macrofaunal biomass in the chambers, total in situ measured dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T) fluxes were 1-5.4 times higher than diffusive mediated C-T fluxes, indicating that macrofauna have a significant impact on benthic exchange rates of OC remineralization products in Skagerrak sediments. (5) OC burial fluxes were generally higher in northeastern Skagerrak than in the southern part. The same pattern was observed for burial efficiencies, with annual means of similar to62% and similar to43% for the two areas respectively. (6) On a basin-wide scale, there was a significant positive linear correlation between the burial efficiencies and sediment accumulation rates. (7) The calculated particulate organic carbon (POC) deposition, from benthic flux and burial measurements, was only 24-78% of the sediment trap measured POC deposition, indicating a strong near-bottom lateral transport and resuspension of POC. (8) A larger fraction of the laterally advected material of lower quality seemed to settle in the northeastern Skagerrak rather than in the southern Skagerrak. (9) Skagerrak sediments, especially in the northeastern part, act as an efficient net sink for organic carbon, even in a global continental margin context.
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| 7. |
- Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial and geriatric correlates of functional status after total hip replacement
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 1529-0131 .- 0004-3591. ; 51:5, s. 829-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To determine whether psychosocial factors, chronic diseases, and common geriatric problems are associated with poor physical function 3 years after primary total hip replacement (THR). Methods. We studied a sample of Medicare recipients in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Colorado (n = 922) who underwent primary THR in 1995 (mean +/- SD age 73.1 +/- 5.6 years, 32% men). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle factors, medical history, and quality of life similar to3 years after the surgery. Physical function was measured using the function subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. We assessed the relationship between functional outcome 3 years postsurgery and 4 predictor domains: pain or complications in the operated hip, other musculoskeletal comorbidity, medical factors (obesity, chronic medical comorbidity, rheumatoid arthritis, and such common geriatric problems as falls, poor balance, or incontinence), and psychosocial factors (mental health, regular alcohol consumption, smoking, provider role, living alone, and education). Results. Ten percent of subjects had poor functional status. In a logistic regression model controlling for sex and age, the following factors were associated with an increased risk for poor functional status (in order of importance): pain in the back or lower extremity, severe pain in the operated hip, poor mental health, more than 1 common geriatric problem, obesity, and less than college education. Conclusion. Pain in the operated hip was strongly associated with poor functional status 3 years after THR. However, other factors associated with poor functional status were not related to the hip. Our results suggest that a comprehensive assessment of functional status in elderly THR patients should include assessment of common geriatric problems, mental health status, and weight.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and flux of Pu-238, Pu-239,Pu-240, Am-241, Cs-137 and Pb-210 to high arctic lakes in the Thule district (Greenland)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1700 .- 0265-931X. ; 75:3, s. 285-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental samples (soil, sediment and lake water) in the Thule area (NW Greenland) have been studied to assess the contamination of radionuclides originating from a nuclear weapons accident (the Thule accident in 1968). Four lakes were chosen at different distances from the point of impact with the Thule air base community situated in between. The sedimentation rates in the lakes varied from 0.4 mm a(-1) (5 a a(-1) to 1.6 mm a(-1) (82 mg cm(-2) a(-1)). With these sedimentation rates, it is not possible to resolve the Pu-239,Pu-240 global fallout peak from a possible Pu-239,Pu-240 "accident" peak in the sediment depth profiles. However, the Pu-239,Pu-240/Cs-137 and the Pu-238/Pu-239,Pu-240 ratios agreed well with global fallout ratios, indicating that plutonium originating from the accident had not reached these lakes. This also indicates that the Thule air base community has probably only been exposed to radionuclides from the accident to a very limited extent. A limited study showed that Pb-210 could not be used as a normalizing nuclide to explain the transport of transuranic elements from the catchment area to the lake, i.e. Pb-210 has a different transport mechanism from that of the transuranic elements studied in this investigation.
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| 10. |
- Hammarstedt, M, et al.
(författare)
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Minimal exclusion of plasma membrane proteins during retroviral envelope formation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 97:13, s. 7527-7532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The retrovirus forms its envelope by budding at the plasma membrane (PM). This process is primarily driven by its cytoplasmic core-precursor protein, Gag, as shown by the efficient formation of virus-like Gag particles in the absence of its envelope protein, Env. Most interestingly, several studies have demonstrated incorporation of various PM proteins into retrovirus, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon has remained elusive. We have purified Moloney murine leukemia virus Gag particles by sedimentation in an iodixanol gradient and donor PMs by flotation in a sucrose gradient and compared their protein compositions at equal lipid basis. We found that most PM proteins are present at similar density in both membranes. The inclusion of PM proteins was unaffected by incorporation of Env protein into the envelope of the Gag particles and whether these were produced at high or low level in the cells. These findings indicate that most PM proteins become incorporated into the retrovirus envelope without significant sorting. This feature of retrovirus assembly should be considered when studying retrovirus functions and developing retrovirus vectors.
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