| 1. |
- Kircher, Katja, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Train driver attention is influenced by the type of railway signalling system
- 2022
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Ingår i: DDI 2022 Gothenburg. - Göteborg : Safer. ; , s. 50-52
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) will replace national standards with the aim to promote cross-border traffic and enhance efficiency. The transition involves a shift from lineside signalling to mostly in- cabin information via a Driver Machine Interface (DMI). Previous research indicates that this may lead to a decrease in driver attention to the outside world and to a decrease in workload, leading to boredom. Using a train simulator, 41 participants drove the same track with the ERTMS system and the Swedish national standard (ATC) while wearing eye- tracking equipment. Subjective workload and boredom assessments were made after each drive. An analysis of the first set of reduced data (15 participants) showed that the formal attentional requirements like the monitoring of speed changes and signals were fulfilled in almost all cases, regardless of system. Overall, however, the data indicate that in line with previous research the drivers focus their attention more to the inside of the train when using the ERTMS system. This is corroborated by the finding that horn blowing is slightly delayed with the ERTMS system. Perceived workload was generally low, with the ERTMS system experienced to be more boring. We draw the preliminary conclusion that while formal attentional requirements are fulfilled for both systems, the ERTMS system likely has a tendency to pull the drivers’ overall attention inwards. Given that for the ERTMS system most relevant information is presented inside of the train on the DMI, this is not surprising, but needs to be addressed by the authorities.
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| 2. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-
(författare)
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Going from Lineside to In-cab Railway Signaling : Driveability Issues and Solutions
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From many perspectives there is a need to understand more of how capacity, signal systems, anddriving behavior interact, and naturally since ERTMS is in its early stage, some areas are stillunexplored. The number of retrofitted ERTMS lines and new designed ERTMS lines are increasing inEurope, which implies extra focus on the capacity optimization in the network planning process.Many of these signaling projects involves going from traditional national lineside signaling to ERTMS.One of the parameters in capacity assessments that is relatively unexplored is the impact of the traindriver. One important knowledge gap to fill is how simulation parameters should be adapted formore realistic capacity planning, based on driving behavior. ERTMS support new possibilities ofsignaling with its design of line speed profiles, but what consequences does the choices lead to? It isan important topic since ERTMS is a paradigm shift in train driving, and driveability has an impact onsafety, energy consumption, and capacity. The purpose of this PhD project is adding knowledge tothis field. The work has been carried out incrementally, beginning with investigation of drivingbehavior with Swedish traditional lineside signaling (ATC), and with this new information proceedingto the area of ERTMS. In the next step, train driving behavior was investigated for ERTMS with a newmeasuring method based on the standardized ETCS radio signaling. ERTMS lines have been evaluatedas more challenging to drive, and a systematic literature review was conducted to understand ERTMSdriveability and how driveability can be assessed. In the overall picture the impact on driveabilityoriginates from both technological, organizational, and train driver aspects. Analyzing the researchobjectives in this area aims at contributing to a more effective and beneficial network planningprocess. Lastly, one of the proposed methods to achieve increased driveability, speed-filtering, wasexamined and revealed good effects on driver workload, capacity, and energy consumption. Usingtraditional train traffic measurement methods based on train onboard equipment are associatedwith legal challenges and time-consuming post-processing, and the new proposed ERTMS remotemethod initiates a new efficient framework for this research purpose. From a method perspective,the train driver simulator enables comprehensive driver behavior studies, where safety regulationsnormally constrain real train setups.
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| 3. |
- Rosberg, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Radio Communication-Based Method for Analysis of Train Driving in an ERTMS Signaling Environment.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Nature. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: ERTMS is an important project improving cross-border interoperability throughout Europe by a singlerail signaling standard. One advantage following this development is a standardized radio signaling, which can betracked by logging the data transfer using the ETCS protocol between Radio Block Center and train. This means that abroad spectrum of train driving can be analyzed in terms of for example driving behavior, signal planning and capacityin a new efficient way.Methods: In this paper a radio-based protocol method to achieve this, is presented and applied for studying brakingcharacteristics in terms of meeting point design. The aim was to design, apply and validate a radio-based train datacollection method to enable cost-efficient and avoid time-consuming train data collections. To enable comparisonbetween the results from the suggested radio-based method and traditional methods, a verification measurementwas performed. Three different alternatives of speed calculation were validated. These were based on: Train PositionReport speed; calculation of average speed based on reported train position; processed reported train position formingthe average speed. The best alternative was then applied to examine deceleration towards different signal targetsat single-track meeting points.Results: The results from this study suggest that the ETCS Level 2 protocol is a feasible way to collect train dynamicsdata. The method is time saving when it comes to train driver behavior studies where several trains and drivers areneeded to get significant results. Comparison with traditional GPS method suggest that the method is valid. Mostpromising is the alternative using processed train position.
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| 4. |
- Thorslund, Birgitta, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Kapacitet, körbarhet och arbetsbelastning (KAKA) : Slutrapport
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet var att öka kunskapen om sambandet mellan kapacitet, körbarhet och arbetsbelastning. Ett ”körbarhetsfilter” har implementerats för ERTMS, för att ge ökad kunskap om vad föraren tycker är en acceptabel hastighetsprofil, hur ofta förändringar i hastighet får ske osv. En jämförelse har också gjorts mellan ERTMS och ATC när det gäller arbetsbelastning och uppmärksamhetskrav. Arbete med att anpassa MiRA-teorin för tillämpning på järnvägssituationenhar genomförts.
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