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- Johansson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Idiotyppic-anti-idiotypic complexes and their in vivo metabolism.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 94:S4, s. 1306-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Different strategies can be used to improve the tumor:non-tumor ratio of radiolabeled antibodies in immunotargeting. One approach is to use secondary antibodies to clear out redundant, circulating primary antibodies. In the current study, the in vitro complex formation and in vivo clearing capabilities and metabolism of the monoclonal antibody TS1 and its monoclonal anti-idiotype, alphaTS1, were studied. METHODS: Complex formation studies were performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), gel permeation chromatography, and electron microscopy. The clearance and metabolism of the complexes were studied in nude mice. RESULTS: PAGE and gel permeation chromatography showed that more than 70% of the antibodies formed complexes. The electron microscopy studies revealed that the complexes formed between TS1 and alphaTS1 are mainly ring-shaped (66.6-73.4%), comprising 4 to > 8 antibodies. These rings consist of equal numbers of idiotype and anti-idiotype. The most commonly observed complexes were tetrameric rings (26.8-40.5%), hexameric rings (10.7-11.9%), and rings containing more than eight monoclonal antibodies (6.6-14-4%). The in vivo study illustrated that within 24 hours 80% of the total nuclide content had been degraded and excreted via the urine, compared with 25% for similarly treated mice that did not receive any anti-idiotype. CONCLUSIONS: Interestingly, the electron microscopy study demonstrated that dimers were rare (0.4-1.2%), probably reflecting a location of epitopes incompatible with tight, sterically constrained dimeric interactions; insufficient flexibility of the immunoglobulin G1 subtype hinge regions; or both. The anti-idiotypic clearing mechanisms proved efficient in nude mice. In vivo metabolic studies indicate that the accumulation and degradation of TS1/alphaTS1 immune complexes, to a large extent, take place in the liver, where a substantial amount was detected as soon as 1 hour after anti-idiotype injection. Copyright 2002 American Cancer Society.
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- Dakers, A, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem Services
- 2002
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Ingår i: Understanding and Solving Environmental Problems in the 21st Century. ; , s. 127-138
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Krotkus, A., et al.
(författare)
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Be-doped low-temperature-grown GaAs material for optoelectronic switches
- 2002
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Ingår i: IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-2433 .- 1359-7078. ; 149:3, s. 111-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural, electrical and recombination properties of Be-doped low-temperature MBE grown (LTG) GaAs have been investigated by using a number of different experimental techniques. These properties were analysed with respect to the applications of LTG GaAs in ultrafast optoelectronic devices. It has been found that a moderate Be-doping improves the structural quality of the layers and does not affect their semi-insulating behaviour. Electron and hole capture cross-sections, critical parameters for the design of optoelectronic devices from LTG GaAs, equal to sigma(n) = 1.1 x 10(-13) and sigma(p) = 1.8 x 10(-15) cm(2) were also determined.
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- Kurth, W.S., Hospodarsky, G.B., Gurnett, D.A., Kaiser, M.L., Wahlund, J.E., Roux, A., Canu, P., Zarka, P. and Tokarev, Y.
(författare)
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An overview of observations by the Cassini radio and plasma wave investigation at Earth.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. ; 106:A12, s. 30239-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On August 18, 1999, the Cassini spacecraft flew by Earth at an altitude of 1186 km on its way to Saturn. Although the flyby was performed exclusively to provide the spacecraft with sufficient velocity to get to Saturn, the radio and plasma wave science (R
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