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- Rusz, Ján, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of plural scattering on the quantitative determination of spin and orbital moments in electron magnetic chiral dichroism measurements
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 83:13, s. 132402-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent quantitative measurements of the orbital to spin magnetic moment ratio m(L)/m(S) in electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) experiments have given a m(L)/m(S) ratio that is larger than commonly accepted values. We demonstrate here that plural scattering may noticeably influence the m(L)/m(S) ratio. An equation is derived which describes its influence as a function of the spectral integrals of the plasmon scattering region and zero-loss peak. The influence of the electron-plasmon scattering can be removed when electron energy-loss spectra of the ionization edge are deconvoluted by the low-loss signal. For a bcc-Fe sample we obtain m(L)/m(S) = 0.04 after plasmon removal. We conclude that the plural scattering should be considered when extracting quantitative information from EMCD measurements.
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- Rusz, Jan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Local electronic structure information contained in energy-filtered diffraction patterns
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:6, s. 064444-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the information contained in energy-filtered diffraction patterns measured on core-level edges. By inversion of the sum rules for electron energy loss near edge structures we calculate the reciprocal space distribution of the contribution to the total signal originating from spin moment, orbital moment, spin-orbital interaction, and individual components of magnetic and spin-orbital anisotropy tensors. We demonstrate, in particular, that the diffraction patterns contain information about all three vector components of the spin and orbital magnetic moments.
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- Wessman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of matrix properties on survival of freeze-dried bacteria
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 91:14, s. 2518-2528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Disaccharides are in general first choice as formulation compounds when freezedrying microorganisms. Although polysaccharides and other biopolymers are considered too large to stabilize and interact with cell components in the same beneficial way as disaccharides, polymers have been reported to support cell survival. In the present study we compare the efficiency of sucrose, the polymers Ficoll, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and polyvinylalcohol to support survival of three bacterial strains during freeze-drying. The initial osmotic conditions were adjusted to be similar for all formulations. Formulation characterization was used to interpret the impact that different compound properties had on cell survival. Results: Despite differences in molecular size, both sucrose and the sucrose based polymer Ficoll supported cell survival after freeze-drying equally well. All formulations became amorphous upon dehydration. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data showed that the discerned differences in structure of the dry formulations had little impact on the survival rates. The capability of the polymers to support cell survival correlated with the surface activity of the polymers in a similar way for all investigated bacterial strains. Conclusion: Polymer-based formulations can support cell survival as effectively as disaccharides if formulation properties of importance for maintaining cell viability are identified and controlled.
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- Wiklund, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical studies on stainless steel transfer onto a TiN-coated cutting tool
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 59:1, s. 68-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stainless steel is a good example of a metal that is not easily machined. To explain such behavior an understanding of the fundamental adhesion between the workpiece and the tool is invaluable. It is a well-known fact that build-up layers form in the interface, but little attention has been given to the very first layer that adheres to the tool surface. Although this layer rapidly becomes covered by successive material transfer, this layer and its ability to stick to the tool surface control the successive material transfer and influence the cutting properties. In this work, a quick stop test is employed to interrupt the cutting of a 316L stainless steel using a TiN-coated cemented carbide cutting insert. Different analytical techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as theoretical atomistic modeling, were used to study the early adhesion.
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