| 1. |
- Skoglund, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Muscle and Myocellular Changes in Community-Dwelling Men Over Two Decades of Successful Aging : The ULSAM Cohort Revisited
- 2020
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 75:4, s. 654-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participants of the population-based Uppsala longitudinal study of adult men (ULSAM) cohort reaching more than 88 years of age (survivors, S) were investigated at age 70, 82, and 88-90 and compared at 70 years with non-survivors (NS) not reaching 82 years. Body composition, muscle mass and muscle histology were remarkably stable over 18 years of advanced aging in S. Analysis of genes involved in muscle remodeling showed that S had higher mRNA levels of myogenic differentiation factors (Myogenin, MyoD), embryonic myosin (eMyHC), enzymes involved in regulated breakdown of myofibrillar proteins (Smad2, Trim32, MuRF1,) and NCAM compared with healthy adult men (n = 8). S also had higher mRNA levels of eMyHC, Smad 2, MuRF1 compared with NS. At 88 years, S expressed decreased levels of Myogenin, MyoD, eMyHC, NCAM and Smad2 towards those seen in NS at 70 years. The gene expression pattern of S at 70 years was likely beneficial since they maintained muscle fiber histology and appendicular lean body mass until advanced age. The expression pattern at 88 years may indicate a diminished muscle remodeling coherent with a decline of reinnervation capacity and/or plasticity at advanced age.
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| 2. |
- Ansund, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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High intensity exercise during breast cancer chemotherapy - effects on long-term myocardial damage and physical capacity - data from the OptiTrain RCT.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cardio-oncology (London, England). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2057-3804. ; 7:1, s. 7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Adjuvant systemic breast cancer treatment improves disease specific outcomes, but also presents with cardiac toxicity. In this post-hoc exploratory analysis of the OptiTrain trial, the effects of exercise on cardiotoxicity were monitored by assessing fitness and biomarkers over the intervention and into survivorship. Methods; Women starting chemotherapy were randomized to 16-weeks of resistance and high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT), moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval training (AT-HIIT), or usual care (UC). Outcome measures included plasma troponin-T (cTnT), Nt-pro-BNP and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at 1- and 2-years.RESULTS: For this per-protocol analysis, 88 women met criteria for inclusion. Plasma cTnT increased in all groups post-intervention. At the 1-year follow-up, Nt-pro-BNP was lower in the exercise groups compared to UC. At 2-years there was a drop in VO2peak for patients with high cTnT and Nt-pro-BNP. Fewer patients in the RT-HIIT group fulfilled biomarker risk criteria compared to UC (OR 0.200; 95% CI = 0.055-0.734).CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, high-intensity exercise was associated with lower levels of NT-proBNP 1-year post-baseline, but not with cTnT directly after treatment completion. This may, together with the preserved VO2peak in patients with low levels of biomarkers, indicate a long-term cardioprotective effect of exercise.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials. govNCT02522260 , Registered 13th of august 2015 - Retrospectively Registered.
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| 3. |
- Ekström, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Exertional breathlessness related to medical conditions in middle-aged people: the population-based SCAPIS study of more than 25,000 men and women.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Respiratory research. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-993X .- 1465-9921. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Breathlessness is common in the population and can be related to a range of medical conditions. We aimed to evaluate the burden of breathlessness related to different medical conditions in a middle-aged population.Cross-sectional analysis of the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study of adults aged 50-64years. Breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC]≥2) was evaluated in relation to self-reported symptoms, stress, depression; physician-diagnosed conditions; measured body mass index (BMI), spirometry, venous haemoglobin concentration, coronary artery calcification and stenosis [computer tomography (CT) angiography], and pulmonary emphysema (high-resolution CT). For each condition, the prevalence and breathlessness population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated, overall and by sex, smoking history, and presence/absence of self-reported cardiorespiratory disease.We included 25,948 people aged 57.5±[SD] 4.4; 51% women; 37% former and 12% current smokers; 43% overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), 21% obese (BMI≥30); 25% with respiratory disease, 14% depression, 9% cardiac disease, and 3% anemia. Breathlessness was present in 3.7%. Medical conditions most strongly related to the breathlessness prevalence were (PAF 95%CI): overweight and obesity (59.6-66.0%), stress (31.6-76.8%), respiratory disease (20.1-37.1%), depression (17.1-26.6%), cardiac disease (6.3-12.7%), anemia (0.8-3.3%), and peripheral arterial disease (0.3-0.8%). Stress was the main factor in women and current smokers.Breathlessness mainly relates to overweight/obesity and stress and to a lesser extent to comorbidities like respiratory, depressive, and cardiac disorders among middle-aged people in a high-income setting-supporting the importance of lifestyle interventions to reduce the burden of breathlessness in the population.
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| 4. |
- Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo, et al.
(författare)
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Three months of bed rest induce a residual transcriptomic signature resilient to resistance exercise countermeasures
- 2020
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : WILEY. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 34:6, s. 7958-7969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the muscle genome-wide response to long-term unloading (84-day bed rest) in 21 men. We hypothesized that a part of the bed rest-induced gene expression signature would be resilient to a concurrent flywheel resistance exercise (RE) countermeasure. Using DNA microarray technology analyzing 35 345 gene-level probe-sets, we identified 335 annotated probe-sets that were downregulated, and 315 that were upregulated after bed rest (P < .01). Besides a predictable differential expression of genes and pathways related to mitochondria (downregulation; false-discovery rates (FDR) <1E-04), ubiquitin system (upregulation; FDR = 3E-02), and skeletal muscle energy metabolism and structure (downregulation; FDR <= 3E-03), 84-day bed rest also altered circadian rhythm regulation (upregulation; FDR = 3E-02). While most of the bed rest-induced changes were counteracted by RE, 209 transcripts were resilient to the exercise countermeasure. Genes upregulated after bed rest were particularly resistant to training (P < .001 vs downregulated, non-reversed genes). Specifically, "Translation Factors," "Proteasome Degradation," "Cell Cycle," and "Nucleotide Metabolism" pathways were not normalized by RE. This study provides an unbiased high-throughput transcriptomic signature of one of the longest unloading periods in humans to date. Classical disuse-related changes in structural and metabolic genes/pathways were identified, together with a novel upregulation of circadian rhythm transcripts. In the context of previous bed rest campaigns, the latter seemed to be related to the duration of unloading, suggesting the transcriptomic machinery continues to adapt throughout extended disuse periods. Despite that the RE training offset most of the bed rest-induced muscle-phenotypic and transcriptomic alterations, we contend that the human skeletal muscle also displays a residual transcriptomic signature of unloading that is resistant to an established exercise countermeasure.
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| 5. |
- Herr, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Cell Cycle Profiling Reveals Protein Oscillation, Phosphorylation, and Localization Dynamics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 19:4, s. 608-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cell cycle is a highly conserved process involving the coordinated separation of a single cell into two daughter cells. To relate transcriptional regulation across the cell cycle with oscillatory changes in protein abundance and activity, we carried out a proteome- and phospho-proteome-wide mass spectrometry profiling. We compared protein dynamics with gene transcription, revealing many transcriptionally regulated G2 mRNAs that only produce a protein shift after mitosis. Integration of CRISPR/Cas9 survivability studies further highlighted proteins essential for cell viability. Analyzing the dynamics of phosphorylation events and protein solubility dynamics over the cell cycle, we characterize predicted phospho-peptide motif distributions and predict cell cycle-dependent translocating proteins, as exemplified by the S-adenosylmethionine synthase MAT2A. Our study implicates this enzyme in translocating to the nucleus after the G1/S-checkpoint, which enables epigenetic histone methylation maintenance during DNA replication. Taken together, this data set provides a unique integrated resource with novel insights on cell cycle dynamics.
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| 6. |
- Mandić, Mirko, et al.
(författare)
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Automated assessment of regional muscle volume and hypertrophy using MRI
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to validate a fully automatic method to quantify knee-extensor muscle volume and exercise-induced hypertrophy. By using a magnetic resonance imaging-based fat-water separated two-point Dixon sequence, the agreement between automated and manual segmentation of a specific ~15-cm region (partial volume) of the quadriceps muscle was assessed. We then explored the sensitivity of the automated technique to detect changes in both complete and partial quadriceps volume in response to 8 weeks of resistance training in 26 healthy men and women. There was a very strong correlation (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001) between the manual and automated method for assessing partial quadriceps volume, yet the volume was 9.6% greater with automated compared with manual analysis (P < 0.0001, 95% limits of agreement -93.3 ± 137.8 cm3). Partial muscle volume showed a 6.0 ± 5.0% (manual) and 4.8 ± 8.3% (automated) increase with training (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the complete quadriceps increased 5.1 ± 5.5% with training (P < 0.0001). The intramuscular fat proportion decreased (P < 0.001) from 4.1% to 3.9% after training. In conclusion, the automated method showed excellent correlation with manual segmentation and could detect clinically relevant magnitudes of exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. This method could have broad application to accurately measure muscle mass in sports or to monitor clinical conditions associated with muscle wasting and fat infiltration.
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| 7. |
- Mandic, Mirko, et al.
(författare)
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Interval-induced metabolic perturbation determines tissue fluid shifts into skeletal muscle
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 9:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intense interval exercise has proven to be as effective as traditional endurance exercise in improving maximal oxygen uptake. Shared by these two exercise regimes is an acute reduction in plasma volume, which is a suggested stimulus behind exercise-induced increases in blood volume and maximal oxygen uptake. This study aimed to link exercise-induced metabolic perturbation with volume shifts into skeletal muscle tissue. Ten healthy subjects (mean age 33 +/- 8 years, 5 males and 5 females) performed three 30 s all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer. Upon cessation of exercise magnetic resonance imaging, (31)Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and blood samples were used to measure changes in muscle volume, intramuscular energy metabolites and plasma volume. Compared to pre-exercise, muscle volume increased from 1147.1 +/- 35.6 ml to 1283.3 +/- 11.0 ml 8 min post-exercise. At 30 min post-exercise, muscle volume was still higher than pre-exercise (1147.1 +/- 35.6 vs. 1222.2 +/- 6.8 ml). Plasma volume decreased by 16 +/- 3% immediately post-exercise and recovered back to - 5 +/- 6% after 30 min. Principal component analysis of exercise performance, muscle and plasma volume changes as well as changes in intramuscular energy metabolites showed generally strong correlations between metabolic and physiological variables. The strongest predictor for the volume shifts of muscle and plasma was the magnitude of glucose-6-phosphate accumulation post-exercise. Interval training leads to large metabolic and hemodynamic perturbations with accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate as a possible key event in the fluid flux between the vascular compartment and muscle tissue.
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| 8. |
- Rosato, Aurora, 1998-, et al.
(författare)
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Probability Of Cardiac-Locomotor Coupling During Daily Activities
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human locomotion is typically studied independently ofthe cardiovascular system, although the two areintrinsically linked. An example of their interaction iscardiac-locomotor coupling (CLC), which refers to theentrainment of heart rate (HR) and step rate (SR) duringrhythmic exercise at a 1:1 ratio. Actively synchronizingthe stepping with each diastole of the cardiac cycle, hasbeen shown to provide improved cardiometabolicefficiency, demonstrated by a decrease in HR and inventilation [1]. Active CLC can therefore be one way toimprove hemodynamic efficiency, ensuring greaterendurance performances. Previous studies investigatedthe presence of CLC in laboratory settings whereasobservations during daily activities are still lacking. Wedo not know if and when CLC occurs physiologically.The aim of this study is to investigate the extent and theprobability of CLC during unsupervised daily activitiesin contrast to random chance.
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| 9. |
- Rosato, Aurora, 1998-, et al.
(författare)
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Spontaneous Cardiac-Locomotor Coupling in Healthy Individuals During Daily Activities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies (BIOSTEC 2023). - : INSTICC. ; , s. 170-177
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During exercise, the locomotor and the cardiovascular system work in synergy to control the blood flow through the body. In particular, the muscle contraction generates rhythmic raising and lowering of intramuscular pressure, which in synergy supports cardiovascular function. This study aims to analyze spontaneous cardiac-locomotor coupling (CLC) events during daily activities using weareable sensors.We analyze the dataset PMData, containing recordings from sixteen healthy subjects during five months. The data were acquired with a smartwatch and consist of step rate (SR), heart rate (HR) and daily surveys reporting the training sessions. Coupling is defined as being present when SR and HR are within 1% of each other (strong coupling) and within the 10% of each other (weak coupling).The results show that every subject presents occurrences of CLC while performing normal daily activities. In particular, strong coupling occurs more likely for longer activities (111 ± 34 min), at moderate intensity (100 steps/min < SR > 130 steps/min).The presence of CLC during daily activities rises the question whether there is a physiological mechanism controlling this phenomenon, that should be investigated in future.
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| 10. |
- Skoglund, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Functional improvements to 6 months of physical activity are not related to changes in size or density of multiple lower-extremity muscles in mobility-limited older individuals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Experimental Gerontology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5565 .- 1873-6815. ; 157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults are encouraged to engage in multicomponent physical activity, which includes aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. The current work is an extension of the Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 (VIVE2) study - a 6-month multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of physical activity and nutritional supplementation in community dwelling 70-year-old seniors. Here, we examined whether the magnitude of changes in muscle size and quality differed between major lower-extremity muscle groups and related these changes to functional outcomes. We also examined whether daily vitamin-D-enriched protein supplementation could augment the response to structured physical activity. Forty-nine men and women (77 ± 5 yrs) performed brisk walking, muscle-strengthening exercises for the lower limbs, and balance training 3 times weekly for 6 months. Participants were randomized to daily intake of a nutritional supplement (20 g whey protein + 800 IU vitamin D), or a placebo. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiological attenuation (RA) were assessed in 8 different muscle groups using single-slice CT scans of the hip, thigh, and calf at baseline and after the intervention. Walking speed and performance in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were also measured. For both CSA and RA, there were muscle group × time interactions (P < 0.01). Significant increases in CSA were observed in 2 of the 8 muscles studied, namely the knee extensors (1.9%) and the hip adductors (2.8%). For RA, increases were observed in 4 of 8 muscle groups, namely the hip flexors (1.1 HU), hip adductors (0.9 HU), knee extensors (1.2 HU), and ankle dorsiflexors (0.8 HU). No additive effect of nutritional supplementation was observed. While walking speed (13%) and SPPB performance (38%) improved markedly, multivariate analysis showed that these changes were not associated with the changes in muscle CSA and RA after the intervention. We conclude that this type of multicomponent physical activity program results in significant improvements in physical function despite relatively small changes in muscle size and quality of some, but not all, of the measured lower extremity muscles involved in locomotion.
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