| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Chen, Qi, et al.
(författare)
-
Drug treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behaviour : register based study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. - London, United Kingdom : B M J Group. - 1756-1833. ; 348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the association between drug treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and risk of concomitant suicidal behaviour among patients with ADHD.Design: Register based longitudinal study using within patient design.Setting: Linkage of multiple national registers in Sweden.Participants: 37,936 patients with ADHD born between 1960 and 1996 and followed from 2006 to 2009 for treatment status by ADHD drug treatment and suicide related events (suicide attempt and completed suicide).Main outcome measure: Incidence rate of suicide related events during ADHD drug treatment periods compared with that during non-treatment periods.Results: Among 37,936 patients with ADHD, 7019 suicide related events occurred during 150,721 person years of follow-up. At the population level, drug treatment of ADHD was associated with an increased rate of suicide related events (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.44). However, the within patient comparison showed a reverse association between ADHD drug treatment and rate of suicide related events (0.89, 0.79 to 1.00). Among stimulant users, a reduced within patient rate of suicide related events was seen during treatment periods (0.81, 0.70 to 0.94). Among non-stimulant/mixed users, no significantly increased within patient rate of suicide related events during non-stimulant treatment periods was seen (0.96, 0.72 to 1.30).Conclusions: This study found no evidence for a positive association between the use of drug treatments for ADHD and the risk of concomitant suicidal behaviour among patients with ADHD. If anything, the results pointed to a potential protective effect of drugs for ADHD on suicidal behaviour, particularly for stimulant drugs. The study highlights the importance of using within patient designs to control for confounding in future pharmacoepidemiological studies.
|
|
| 3. |
- Haglund, Axel, et al.
(författare)
-
Suicide after release from prison : a population-based cohort study from Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. - : Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc. - 0160-6689 .- 1555-2101. ; 75:10, s. 1047-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Released prisoners have high suicide rates compared with the general population, but little is known about risk factors and possible causal pathways. We conducted a population-based cohort study to investigate rates and risk factors for suicide in people previously imprisoned.METHOD: We identified individuals released from prison in Sweden between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009, through linkage of national population-based registers. Released prisoners were followed from the day of release until death, emigration, new incarceration, or December 31, 2009. Survival analyses were conducted to compare incidence rates and psychiatric morbidity with nonconvicted population controls matched on gender and year of birth.RESULTS: We identified 38,995 releases among 26,985 prisoners (7.6% female) during 2005-2009. Overall, 127 suicides occurred, accounting for 14% of all deaths after release (n = 920). The mean suicide rate was 204 per 100,000 person-years, yielding an incidence rate ratio of 18.2 (95% CI, 13.9-23.8) compared with general population controls. Previous substance use disorder (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.2), suicide attempt (HR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.7), and being born in Sweden versus abroad (HR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.6) were independent risk factors for suicide after release.CONCLUSIONS: Released prisoners are at high suicide risk and have a slightly different pattern of psychiatric risk factors for suicide compared with the general population. Results suggest appropriate allocation of resources to facilitate transition to life outside prison and increased attention to prisoners with both a previous suicide attempt and substance use disorder.
|
|
| 4. |
- Larsson Omerov, Pernilla
(författare)
-
Parents who have lost a son or daughter through suicide : towards improved care and restored psychological health
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Parents that have lost a son or daughter through suicide are at risk of developing psychological morbidity that may become long-lasting and even life-threatening. Despite this the aftermath of a suicidal loss is yet to be carefully studied. One reason for the lack of studies is that trauma-related surveys may be hindered when the risks of asking participants are overestimated and the benefits not considered. Another reason is methodological difficulties. The goal of our studies is to provide knowledge that may be used to improve the professional care of suicide-bereaved parents. This thesis describes the first steps towards the goal.Methods We developed hypotheses, questionnaires and an ethical protocol in a qualitative preparatory study with 46 suicide-bereaved parents (paper I). In a population-based survey we then collected data from parents who lost a child (15 to 30 years of age) to suicide, two to five years earlier. In all, 666 of 915 (73%) bereaved and 508 of 666 (74%) non-bereaved (matched 2:1) parents participated.Results We found that 633 (95%) of the bereaved parents thought the study was valuable and that 604 (91%) would recommend another parent to participate. Among the bereaved 334 (50%) reported being positively affected by their participation, whereas 70 (11%) reported being temporary negatively affected (most referring to sadness). The bereaved parents’ need for sharing their experiences regarding the suicide of their child was widely expressed and 639 (96%) thought the healthcare should contact parents bereaved through suicide to offer information and support (paper II). In all, 167 (25%) of the bereaved parents were currently taking antidepressants or were moderate-to severely depressed according to PHQ-9 versus 35 (9%) of the non-bereaved (RR 2.7). Fourteen percent of the bereaved reported they had had psychological morbidity more than 10 years earlier, versus 14% among the non-bereaved (RR 1.0). The highest levels of current psychological morbidity were found among the group of bereaved parents with psychological premorbidity (paper III). Of the bereaved parents 460 had (69%) viewed the body at a formal setting, among these parents 430 of 446 (96%) answered “no” to the question “Do you regret that you viewed your child after the death”. Among the parents that had not viewed 99 of 159 (62%) answered “no” to the question “Do you wish that you had viewed your child after the death” (paper IV).Conclusions We found that most parents perceived the research participation as something positive and that the contact was welcomed. Bereavement was associated with high prevalence of psychological morbidity two to five years after the loss. We found no difference in prevalence of premorbidity between the bereaved and the non-bereaved parents. The significant minority that had premorbidity before the loss did however report the highest levels of current psychological morbidity. By and large everyone that had viewed their deceased child in a formal setting did not regret the viewing. Of equal importance, more than half of those who did not view the body did not wish that they had.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lundholm, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Acute influence of alcohol, THC or central stimulants on violent suicide : a Swedish Population study
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0022-1198 .- 1556-4029. ; 59:2, s. 436-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and substance abuse in general is a risk factor for suicide, but very little is known about the acute effect in relation to suicide method. Based on information from 18,894 medico-legal death investigations, including toxicological findings and manner of death, did the present study investigate whether acute influence of alcohol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or central stimulants (amphetamine and cocaine) was related to the use of a violent suicide method, in comparison with the non-violent method self-poisoning and alcohol/illicit drugs negative suicide decedents. Multivariate analysis was conducted and the results revealed that acute influence of THC was related to using the violent suicide method; jumping from a height (RR 1.62; 95%CI 1.01-2.41). Alcohol intoxication was not related to any violent method, while the central stimulants positive suicide decedent had a higher, albeit not significant, risk for several violent methods. The study contributes with elucidating suicide methods in relation to acute intoxication.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor, et al.
(författare)
-
Sickness Absence Due to Specific Mental Diagnoses and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality : A Cohort Study of 4.9 Million Inhabitants of Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Despite the magnitude and increase of sickness absence due to mental diagnoses, little is known regarding long-term health outcomes. The aim of this nationwide population-based, prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between sickness absence due to specific mental diagnoses and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods: A cohort of all 4 857 943 individuals living in Sweden on 31.12.2004 (aged 16-64 years, not sickness absent, or on retirement or disability pension), was followed from 01.01.2005 through 31.12.2008 for all-cause and cause-specific mortality (suicide, cancer, circulatory disease) through linkage of individual register data. Individuals with at least one new sick-leave spell with a mental diagnosis in 2005 were compared to individuals with no sickness absence. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, education, country of birth, family situation, area of residence, and pre-existing morbidity (diagnosis-specific hospital inpatient (2000-2005) and outpatient (2001-2005) care). Results: In the multivariate analyses, mental sickness absence in 2005 was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality: HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.47-1.86 in women and in men: 1.73, 1.57-1.91; for suicide, cancer (both smoking and nonsmoking related) as well as mortality due to circulatory disease only in men. Estimates for cause-specific mortality ranged from 1.48 to 3.37. Associations with all-cause mortality were found for all mental sickness absence diagnostic groups studied. Conclusions: Knowledge about the prognosis of patients sickness absent with specific mental diagnoses is of crucial clinical importance in health care. Sickness absence due to specific mental diagnoses may here be used as a risk indictor for subsequent mortality.
|
|
| 7. |
- Omerov, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparatory Studies to a Population-Based Survey of Suicide-Bereaved Parents in Sweden.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Crisis. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0227-5910 .- 2151-2396. ; 34:3, s. 200-210
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need for evidence-based guidelines on how professionals should act following a suicide. In an effort to provide empiric knowledge, we designed a nationwide population-based study including suicide-bereaved parents. Aim: To describe the process from creating hypotheses through interviews to the development of a population-based questionnaire. Method: We used interviews, qualitative analysis and various means of validation to create a study-specific questionnaire to be used in a nonselected nationwide population of suicide-bereaved parents and a control population of nonbereaved (N = 2:1). The Swedish Register of Causes of Death and the Multigeneration Register were used to identify eligible individuals. All presumptive participants received a letter of invitation followed by a personal contact. Results: We developed a questionnaire covering the participants' perception of participation, their daily living, psychological morbidity, professional actions, and other experiences in immediate connection to the time before and after the suicide. Almost three out of four parents (bereaved = 666, nonbereaved = 377) responded to the questionnaire. Conclusions: By involving parents early in the research process we were able to create a questionnaire that generated a high participation rate in a nationwide population-based study that might help us to answer our hypotheses about bereavement after suicide.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Omerov, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
The ethics of doing nothing. Suicide-bereavement and research : ethical and methodological considerations
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 44:16, s. 3409-3420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Valuable trauma-related research may be hindered when the risks of asking participants about traumatic events are not carefully weighed against the benefits of their participation in the research. Method The overall aim of our population-based survey was to improve the professional care of suicide-bereaved parents by identifying aspects of care that would be amenable to change. The study population included 666 suicide-bereaved and 377 matched (2:1) non-bereaved parents. In this article we describe the parents' perceptions of their contacts with us as well as their participation in the survey. We also present our ethical-protocol for epidemiological surveys in the aftermath of a traumatic loss.RESULTS: We were able to contact 1410 of the 1423 eligible parents; eight of these parents expressed resentment towards the contact. Several participants and non-participants described their psychological suffering and received help because of the contact. A total of 666 suicide-bereaved and 377 non-bereaved parents returned the questionnaire. Just two out of the 1043 answered that they might, in the long term, be negatively affected by participation in the study; one was bereaved, the other was not. A significant minority of the parents reported being temporarily negatively affected at the end of their participation, most of them referring to feelings of sadness and painful memories. In parallel, positive experiences were widely expressed and most parents found the study valuable.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest, given that the study design is ethically sound, that suicide-bereaved parents should be included in research since the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
|
|
| 10. |
- Omerov, Pernilla, et al.
(författare)
-
Viewing the body after bereavement due to suicide: a population-based survey in Sweden.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on the assumed, positive and negative, psychological effects of viewing the body after a suicide loss is sparse. We hypothesized that suicide-bereaved parents that viewed their childs body in a formal setting seldom regretted the experience, and that viewing the body was associated with lower levels of psychological morbidity two to five years after the loss.
|
|
