| 1. |
- Filkov, Alexander I., et al.
(författare)
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A review of thermal exposure and fire spread mechanisms in large outdoor fires and the built environment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire safety journal. - : Elsevier. - 0379-7112 .- 1873-7226. ; 140
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to socio-economic and climatic changes around the world, large outdoor fires in the built environment have become one of the global issues that threaten billions of people. The devastating effects of them are indicative of weaknesses in existing building codes and standard testing methodologies. This is due in part to our limited understanding of large outdoor fire exposures, including the ones from wildland to communities and within communities. To address this problem, the Ignition Resistance Committee (IRC) of the International Association of the Fire Safety Science working group ‘Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment’ was established. This manuscript is the result of one of the IRC's initiatives to review current knowledge on exposures associated with large outdoor fires, identify existing knowledge gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. The article consists of two sections: the wildland fire exposure to the built environment and the settlement fire exposure to structures. Each section presents a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical studies of exposure mechanisms (flame contact and convection, radiation, and firebrands). The review concludes with a discussion on data consistency and existing knowledge gaps to highlight future directions for each of the three fire exposure mechanisms.
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| 2. |
- Manes, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts : Part II—Terminology of Fire Statistical Variables
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - 0015-2684. ; 59:4, s. 1969-2000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-defined terminology of fire-related variables is important for correct analyses and supporting knowledge-based decisions regarding the evaluation of building fires at the European level. After developing an overview of current practices for fire statistics in Part I, the terminology used and the data collected by the EU Member States and eight other countries regarding fire incidents, property damage and human losses were mapped to increase awareness of their practice and support a comprehensive assessment of several fire statistical datasets. A questionnaire was distributed to relevant authorities responsible for the collection, elaboration/analysis, and fire statistical data publications to define and select the essential variables for an appropriate fire assessment and fire incident description. Based on the results of the questionnaire able to identify the essential fire statistical variables and a detailed analysis of current definitions adopted in the fire statistics of the EU Member States and other countries, a common terminology is proposed to collect the necessary data in the EU Member States and obtain meaningful datasets based on standardised terms and definitions. The results will generate essential outputs to move towards harmonised fire statistics at the EU level and contribute to an appropriate analysis able to improve fire prevention and fire mitigation in building fires.
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| 3. |
- Manes, Martina, et al.
(författare)
-
Closing Data Gaps and Paving the Way for Pan-European Fire Safety Efforts : Part I—Overview of Current Practices for Fire Statistics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Fire Technology. - 0015-2684. ; 59:4, s. 1925-1968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The analysis of the current state of fire statistics and data collection in Europe and other countries is needed to increase awareness of how fire incidents affect buildings and to support pan-European fire prevention and fire mitigation measures. The terminology and data collected regarding fire incidents in buildings in the EU Member States were mapped to obtain meaningful datasets to determine common terminology, collection methodology, and data interpretation system. An extensive literature review showed that fire data collection systems have been instrumental in informing firefighting strategies, evidence-based planning, prevention, and educational programmes. Differences and similarities between fire data collection systems were also investigated. The amount and quality of the information in fire statistical recording systems appear to be influenced by the complexity and structure with which the data are collected. The analysis also examined the existing fire statistics in the EU Member States and a few other countries. Finally, a detailed investigation of the number of fires, fire deaths, and injuries from 2009 to 2018 in several countries was examined based on data from a report by CTIF. The trends showed differences attributable to the existing fire statistical practices in terms of terminology and data collection, and interpretation. Part II proposes a common terminology for selected fire statistical variables. The results provide relevant information regarding fire safety at the European level and should be used to guide the development of more uniform fire statistics across Europe.
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