| 1. |
- Rutegård, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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PET/MRI and PET/CT hybrid imaging of rectal cancer - description and initial observations from the RECTOPET (REctal Cancer trial on PET/MRI/CT) study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Imaging. - : BMC. - 1740-5025 .- 1470-7330. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe role of hybrid imaging using F-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to improve preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer is largely unknown. To investigate this, the RECTOPET (REctal Cancer Trial on PET/MRI/CT) study has been launched with the aim to assess staging and restaging of primary rectal cancer. This report presents the study workflow and the initial experiences of the impact of PET/CT on staging and management of the first patients included in the RECTOPET study.MethodsThis prospective cohort study, initiated in September 2016, is actively recruiting patients from Region Vasterbotten in Sweden. This pilot study includes patients recruited and followed up until December 2017. All patients had a biopsy-verified rectal adenocarcinoma and underwent a minimum of one preoperative FDG-PET/CT and FDG-PET/MRI examination. These patients were referred to the colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team meeting at Umea University Hospital. All available data were evaluated when making management recommendations. The clinical course was noted and changes consequent to PET imaging were described; surgical specimens underwent dedicated MRI for anatomical matching between imaging and histopathology.ResultsTwenty-four patients have so far been included in the study. Four patients were deemed unresectable, while 19 patients underwent or were scheduled for surgery; one patient was enrolled in a watch-and-wait programme after restaging. Consequent to taking part in the study, two patients were upstaged to M1 disease: one patient was diagnosed with a solitary hepatic metastasis detected using PET/CT and underwent metastasectomy prior to rectal cancer surgery, while one patient with a small, but metabolically active, lung nodulus experienced no change of management. PET/MRI did not contribute to any recorded change in patient management.ConclusionsThe RECTOPET study investigating the role of PET/CT and PET/MRI for preoperative staging of primary rectal cancer patients will provide novel data that clarify the value of adding hybrid to conventional imaging, and the role of PET/CT versus PET/MRI.Trial registrationNCT03846882.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Petrus, et al.
(författare)
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Population‐based cohort study of the impact on postoperative mortality of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: BJS Open. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2474-9842. ; 3:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Anastomotic leakage following anterior resection for rectal cancer may result in death. The aim of this study was to yield an updated, population‐based estimate of postoperative mortality and evaluate possible interacting factors.Methods: This was a retrospective national cohort study of patients who underwent anterior resection between 2007 and 2016. Data were retrieved from a prospectively developed database. Anastomotic leakage constituted exposure, whereas outcome was defined as death within 90 days of surgery. Logistic regression analyses, using directed acyclic graphs to evaluate possible confounders, were performed, including interaction analyses.Results: Of 6948 patients, 693 (10·0 per cent) experienced anastomotic leakage and 294 (4·2 per cent) underwent reintervention due to leakage. The mortality rate was 1·5 per cent in patients without leakage and 3·9 per cent in those with leakage. In multivariable analysis, leakage was associated with increased mortality only when a reintervention was performed (odds ratio (OR) 5·57, 95 per cent c.i. 3·29 to 9·44). Leaks not necessitating reintervention did not result in increased mortality (OR 0·70, 0·25 to 1·96). There was evidence of interaction between leakage and age on a multiplicative scale (P = 0·007), leading to a substantial mortality increase in elderly patients with leakage.Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage, in particular severe leakage, led to a significant increase in 90‐day mortality, with a more pronounced risk of death in the elderly.
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| 3. |
- Holmgren, Klas, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden : validation of a registry-based method to determine long-term stoma outcome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:12, s. 1631-1638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A permanent stoma after anterior resection for rectal cancer is common. Nationwide registries provide sufficient power to evaluate factors influencing this phenomenon, but validation is required to ensure the quality of registry-based stoma outcomes.Methods: Patients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer in the Northern healthcare region of Sweden between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2013 were reviewed by medical records and followed until 31 December 2014 with regard to stoma outcome. A registry-based method to determine nationwide long-term stoma outcomes, using data from the National Patient Registry and the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry, was developed and internally validated using the chart reviewed reference cohort. Accuracy was evaluated with positive and negative predictive values and Kappa values. Following validation, the stoma outcome in all patients treated with an anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden during the study period was estimated. Possible regional differences in determined stoma outcomes between the six Swedish healthcare regions were subsequently evaluated with the χ2 test.Results: With 312 chart reviewed patients as reference, stoma outcome was accurately predicted through the registry-based method in 299 cases (95.8%), with a positive predictive value of 85.1% (95% CI 75.8%-91.8%), and a negative predictive value of 100.0% (95% CI 98.4%-100.0%), while the Kappa value was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.95). In Sweden, 4768 patients underwent anterior resection during the study period, of which 942 (19.8%) were determined to have a permanent stoma. The stoma rate varied regionally between 17.8-29.2%, to a statistically significant degree (p = .001).Conclusion: Using data from two national registries to determine long-term stoma outcome after anterior resection for rectal cancer proved to be reliable in comparison to chart review. Permanent stoma prevalence after such surgery remains at a significant level, while stoma outcomes vary substantially between different healthcare regions in Sweden.
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| 4. |
- Holmgren, Klas, 1989-
(författare)
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Permanent stoma after anterior resection for rectal cancer : prevalence and mechanisms
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While sphincter-saving surgery constitutes standard treatment for rectal cancer, anterior resection still harbours a significant risk of a permanent stoma in the long run. Although anastomotic leakage plays a major role in this surgical dilemma, the exact mechanisms are not known, while surveys indicate a stoma-free outcome is essential for a majority of patients. To address this issue, the overall aim of the present thesis was to investigate the permanent stoma prevalence in patients undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden, and to identify plausible mechanisms that impede prospects of a stoma-free outcome.In a population-based cohort, chart review of patients who had anterior resection for rectal cancer in the Northern healthcare region in Sweden between 2007 and 2013 showed that 75 out of 316 (24%) patients ended up with a permanent stoma. Of 274 patients (87%) primarily defunctioned with a stoma, 229 underwent stoma closure, 21 (9%) of whom suffered major complications that required return to theatre or worse. A permanent stoma was shown to be more common among patients with anastomotic leakage and an advanced tumour stage.A registry-based method to estimate nationwide stoma outcome after anterior resection for rectal cancer was developed, using data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the National Patient Registry. With a chart-reviewed cohort as reference, stoma outcome was assessed with a positive predictive value of 85.1%, and a negative predictive value of 100.0%. In patients operated in Sweden between 2007 and 2013, the registry-based method determined that 942 out of 4768 (19.8%) had a permanent stoma, while stoma rates varied substantially between different healthcare regions.In a 1:1 matched case-control study of 82 patients who had curative resection for non-disseminated colorectal cancer, a subgroup analysis of 34 patients with rectal cancer displayed biomarker aberrations in serum measured preoperatively in those with anastomotic leakage. Compared to complication-free controls, 15 proteins related to inflammation were elevated, of which two (C-X-C motif chemokine 6, and C-C motif chemokine 11) remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing.Based on a cohort of 4529 patients who had anterior resection, tumour height served as a proxy to determine the extent of mesorectal excision, while long-term stoma outcome was classified using a previously validated registry-based method. Defunctioning stomas significantly decreased chances of a stoma-free outcome, especially in patients undergoing partial mesorectal excision; for these patients, faecal diversion was also least beneficial in terms of reducing anastomotic leakage.In conclusion, every fifth patient undergoing anterior resection for rectal cancer in Sweden eventually ends up with a permanent stoma. Although construction of a defunctioning stoma decreases the risk of symptomatic anastomotic leakage, subsequent takedown surgery carries a substantial risk of major complications, while chances of a long-term stoma-free outcome become significantly reduced. To facilitate selective use of faecal diversion, novel markers to identify high-risk anastomoses prior to surgery have been identified, but require validation in larger prospective settings. Anterior resection without a defunctioning stoma should be considered in appropriately informed patients for whom a stoma-free outcome is of importance. In particular, this holds true for patients eligible for partial mesorectal excision, where anastomotic dehiscence is less frequent and the advantageous effects of a defunctioning stoma are limited.
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| 5. |
- Rutegård, Martin, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Multicentre, randomised trial comparing acellular porcine collagen implant versus gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of the pelvic floor after extended abdominoperineal excision of rectum : study protocol for the Nordic Extended Abdominoperineal Excision (NEAPE) study
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Different surgical techniques are used to cover the defect in the floor of the lesser pelvis after an ‘extralevator’ or ‘extended’ abdominoperineal excision for advanced rectal cancer. However, these operations are potentially mutilating, and the reconstruction method of the pelvic floor has been studied only sparsely. We aim to study whether a porcine-collagen implant is superior or equally beneficial to a gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap as a reconstruction method.Methods and analysis: This is a multicentre non-blinded randomised controlled trial with the experimental arm using a porcine-collagen implant and the control arm using a gluteus maximus muscle and skin rotation flap. Considered for inclusion are patients with rectal cancer, who are operated on with a wide abdominoperineal rectal excision including most of the levator muscles and where the muscle remnants cannot be closed in the midline with sutures. Patients with a primary or recurrent rectal cancer with an estimated survival of more than a year are eligible. The randomisation is computer generated with a concealed sequence and stratified by participating hospital and preoperative radiotherapy regimen. The main outcome is physical performance 6 months after surgery measured with the timed-stands test. Secondary outcomes are perineal wound healing, surgical complications, quality of life, ability to sit and other outcomes measured at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. To be able to state experimental arm non-inferiority with a 10% margin of the primary outcome with 90% statistical power and assuming 10% attrition, we aim to enrol 85 patients from May 2011 onwards.Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review board at Umeå University (protocol no: NEAPE-2010-335-31M). The results will be disseminated through patient associations and conventional scientific channels.
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| 6. |
- Sörelius, Karl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A nationwide study on the incidence of mesenteric ischaemia after surgery for rectal cancer demonstrates an association with high arterial ligation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 21:8, s. 925-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The incidence of mesenteric ischaemia after resection for rectal cancer has not been investigated in a population-based setting. The use of high ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery might cause such ischaemia, as the bowel left in situ depends on collateral blood supply after a high tie.Method: The Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry was used to identify all patients subjected to an abdominal resection for rectal cancer during the years 2007-2017 inclusive. Mesenteric ischaemia within the first 30 postoperative days was recorded, classified as either stoma necrosis or colonic necrosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mesenteric ischaemia in relation to high tie, with adjustment for confounding.Results: Some 14 657 patients were included, of whom 59 (0.40%) had a reoperation for any type of mesenteric ischaemia, divided into 34 and 25 cases of stoma necrosis and colonic necrosis, respectively. Compared with patients who did not require reoperation for mesenteric ischaemia following rectal cancer surgery, the proportion having high tie was greater (54.2% vs 38.5%; P = 0.032). The adjusted OR for reoperation due to any mesenteric ischaemia with high tie was 2.26 (95% CI 1.34-3.79), while the corresponding estimates for stoma and colonic necrosis, respectively, were 1.60 (95% CI 0.81-3.17) and 3.69 (95% CI 1.57-8.66).Conclusion: The incidence of reoperation for mesenteric ischaemia after abdominal resection for rectal cancer is low, but the use of a high tie might increase the risk of colonic necrosis demanding surgery.
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| 7. |
- Eklöf, Vincy, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer-associated fecal microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:12, s. 2528-2536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the western world. An effective screening program leading to early detection of disease would severely reduce the mortality of CRC. Alterations in the gut microbiota have been linked to CRC, but the potential of microbial markers for use in CRC screening has been largely unstudied. We used a nested case-control study of 238 study subjects to explore the use of microbial markers for clbA+ bacteria harboring the pks pathogenicity island, afa-C+ diffusely adherent Escherichia coli harboring the afa-1 operon, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in stool as potential screening markers for CRC. We found that individual markers for clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum were more abundant in stool of patients with CRC, and could predict cancer with a relatively high specificity (81.5% and 76.9%, respectively) and with a sensitivity of 56.4% and 69.2%, respectively. In a combined test of clbA+ bacteria and F. nucleatum, CRC was detected with a specificity of 63.1% and a sensitivity of 84.6%. Our findings support a potential value of microbial factors in stool as putative noninvasive biomarkers for CRC detection. We propose that microbial markers may represent an important future screening strategy for CRC, selecting patients with a "high-risk" microbial pattern to other further diagnostic procedures such as colonoscopy.
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| 8. |
- Eklöf, Vincy, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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The Combined Value of Faecal Haemoglobin andCalprotectin in Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer inSymptomatic Patients Referred to Colonoscopy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Academic Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AJGH). - San Fransisco : Iris Publishers. ; 1:3, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: To investigate the diagnostic value of a combined analyses of faecal immunological haemoglobin (FIT) and faecal calprotectin (FC) in detection of colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods: Out-patients (n=1440) referred to the endoscopy unit were analysed for FIT and FC in stool samples collected before the colonoscopy bowel preparation. The samples were collected from one defecation by the patients at home. Patients with IBD were excluded leaving stool samples from 1133 patients for further analyses. FIT was analysed using the immunological Analyse F.O.B Test and FC was analysed using the CALPRO® Calprotectin Elisa Test. Sensitivity and specificity to detect CRC was calculated for the individual tests, as well as for combined FIT/FC tests.Results: Out of the included patients, 38 were diagnosed with CRC, 9 with high grade dysplasia (HGD), and 133 with low grade dysplasia (LGD). FIT was analysed in 673 (59.4%), FC in 1021 (90.1%) and both FIT and FC in 561 (49.5%) patients. A ROC curve analysis showed that the most accurate cut-off level for FC in detecting CRC in our study was 105.5 µg/g. The sensitivity for CRC when using FIT, FC (cut-off > 100 µg/g) and the combination of FIT and FC (at least one positive test) was 65.5%, 74.1% and 94.4%, respectively. The corresponding specificity was 84.8%, 74.9% and 68.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Combined analyses of FIT and FC improved sensitivity for detection of CRC. Further studies in larger cohorts are required to find the optimal cut-off levels for different combinations of tests.
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