| 1. |
- Boschkova, K., et al.
(författare)
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Study of thin surfactant films under shear using the tribological surface force apparatus
- 2001
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 34:12, s. 815-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Static and dynamic behaviour of thin surfactant films in aqueous solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium salicylate (C16TASal) were investigated using the tribological surface force apparatus. Normal force measurements show that 0.15 mM C16TASal builds up an innermost film of approximately 8-11 Angstrom thickness at each mica surface, indicating that the surfactant adsorbs in a flat conformation. Furthermore, the height of the force barrier at approximately 60 Angstrom is low (ca 2 mN/m) indicating that the second adsorbed layer is easily pushed out. Addition of salicylate salt to 0.15 mM C16TASal give rise to a more close packed structure, with a total thickness of 62-65 Angstrom. indicative of a micellar or bilayer arrangement at the surfaces. Furthermore, the frequency dependence of the shear modulus was investigated both at close separation at the innermost force barrier and at larger separations (up to 300-400 Angstrom). The visco-elastic measurements show that the elasticity modulus, G ', dominates over the loss modulus, G , for all studied cases, indicative of a more solid-like than liquid-like film. Finally, it is shown that shear at high contact pressures induces new aggregate structures at the surface.
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| 2. |
- Paananen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction between cellulose and xylan : An atomic force microscope and quartz crystal microbalance study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Hemicellulose. - 0841238421 ; , s. 269-290
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The atomic force microscope (AFM) colloidal probe technique has been used to investigate forces between cellulose beads as well as cellulose beads and mica in aqueous solution, and the interaction between cellulose surfaces in xylan solutions. Several observations of the behaviour of the cellulose beads were made. Swelling of the beads in aqueous solutions is rather slow. Thus, it is important to let the beads equilibrate before measurements. The beads are somewhat compressed when forced together to constant compliance, but relax back to their original shape in a few minutes. A long-range electrostatic repulsion between cellulose and mica occurs on approach. The xylan concentration in solution affects the forces between two cellulose surfaces. When the concentration increases from 10-100 mg/l more xylan adsorbs slowly and irreversibly on the cellulose leading to an increasingly long-range and stronger repulsion between the surfaces on approach. Adhesion between the layers is very low and seems to be due to entanglement of polymer chains. Studies of the adsorption of xylan (100 mg/l) on cellulose films with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) verify that a thick, water-swollen layer of xylan is formed by slow adsorption. It has been proposed that adsorbed xylan on fibre surfaces increases paper strength. We conclude that this must be associated with the behaviour of the adsorbed layers of xylan on drying.
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