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- Flogård, Adeline, et al.
(författare)
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Rökkanaler av metall - korrosionsprovningsmetod med omväxlande förbränning av vedbränsle och lättolja
- 2004
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents the results of the STEM project number 11885-2. The aim of the project was to develop a corrosion test method for metal flue liners with alternating wood and oil burning. Indeed, the conditions gathered by the alternate use of wood and oil for combustion are considered to be severe for metal chimneys, because of the combination of low temperature corrosion (condensation corrosion) involving aggressive ions like chloride, corrosion promoting air pollutants as sulfur dioxide, and high temperature corrosion involving oxidation mechanisms. For the moment there exists no standard method at a European level for the testing of metal flue liners in the conditions named above. Moreover, the combination of oil and wood is becoming more and more common in private houses, especially in northern Europe (mostly Sweden and Finland). The tests performed in this project used partly light oil containing small amounts of sulfur, pellets, and a combination of pellets and light oil that was spiked with determined amounts of chloride and sulfur so that relative high concentrations of chloride and sulfur dioxide were obtained in the flue gas. In none of the six-weeks test performed corrosion could be observed on the metal flue liners of two stainless steels, namely ASTM 304 and 316 (corresponding to SS 2333 and SS 2343). Acceleration was obtained mainly by temperature cycling in that way that condensation corrosion was first initiated. Thereafter the condensate was evaporated and during this process the corrosion promoting contaminants in the condensate increased till the metal flue liner was completely dried. A condensation/drying up cycle lasted for half an hour The proposed test method, apart from having a too low acceleration factor, was found to be difficult to realize with regards to security and handling. Instead of increasing the acceleration factor by varying key parameters, which involves the risk of modifying the corrosion mechanisms compared to real conditions, another method is proposed to be developed in a future work. This unconventional and general method, developed originally by CSTB in France, is based on corrosion by condensate in controlled conditions. The method has shown promising results for some fuels, but needs further development to be used a European standard.
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- Ruud, Svein, et al.
(författare)
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Bostadshus utan traditionellt uppvärmningssytem - Resultat från två års mätningar
- 2004
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty terrace houses without a traditional heating system has been built in Lindås, Sweden. The houses are extremely well insulated and very airtight. They are equipped with a high efficiency ventilation heat recovery system. Each house also has a 5 m2 solar collector that is designed to cover 50% of the energy supply for hot water use. The total electricity consumption and the air temperature have on an hourly base been monitored in two positions for each of the houses. Further has the environmental conditions, i.e. outdoor temperature, wind, sun etc been monitored. In six of the houses separate measurements of electricity consumption for ventilation and hot water has also been performed. In these six houses also the temperature and humidity in the bathrooms has been measured. One of the houses has been used for more extensive measurements. In this house the presence of inhabitants has been simulated by the use of electrically heated manikins. Humidity gain is achieved by remote controlled showering in the bathroom. During the summer of 2003 an automatic window airing system was also introduced. The results show that the mean value of the indoor air temperatures in most cases is equivalent to or higher than those expected in houses with a traditional heating system. The fluctuations are however sometimes a little bit larger. The total energy use is on an average much lower than for a traditional house with a heating system, but still higher than estimated when designing the houses. The heat from household electricity consumption is in most cases more than sufficient to keep the indoor climate within acceptable limits. However, some additional heat source is required for some periods during wintertime. For these houses most of the heat required can be supplied through a small reheater in the air-handling unit. In the actual case, the reheaters in the gable houses should have been larger and some additional heater in the upper bathroom would have increased the thermal comfort. The air-handling unit control system did initially not work properly. In spring, summer, autumn and sometimes even in the wintertime, window airing is necessary to keep the indoor air temperature down to a reasonable level. The automatic window airing system showed promising results. The conclusion is that it is possible to build well-insulated and very airtight houses without a traditional heating system in a Nordic climate.
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