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- Engström, Carl-Peter, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Functional status and well being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with regard to clinical parameters and smoking: a descriptive and comparative study.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Thorax. - 0040-6376. ; 51:8, s. 825-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Self-assessment questionnaires which measure the functional and affective consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) give valuable information about the effects of the disease and may serve as important tools with which to evaluate treatment. METHODS: A cross sectional comparative study was performed between patients with COPD (n = 68), stratified according to pulmonary function, and a healthy control group (n = 89). A battery of well established clinical and quality of life measures (the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Mood Adjective Check List (MACL), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD)) was used to examine in which functional and affective aspects the patient group differed from the control group and how these measures related to pulmonary function and smoking habits. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, COPD affected functional status in most areas, not just those requiring physical activity. Forty six patients with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) below 50% predicted showed particularly high levels of dysfunction in ambulation, eating, home management, and recreation/ pastimes (SIP). Despite this, their level of psychosocial functioning and mood status was little different from that of the healthy controls. Among the patients, a subgroup reported substantial psychological distress, but mood status was only weakly, or not at all, related to pulmonary function. Smoking habits did not affect functional status or well being. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life is not significantly affected in patients with mild to moderate loss of pulmonary function, possibly due to coping and/or pulmonary reserve capacity. This suggests that generic self-assessment questionnaires are of limited value for detecting the early consequences of COPD. However, in later stages of the disease they are sensitive enough to discriminate between patients with different levels of pulmonary dysfunction. The low correlations between the indices of pulmonary function and the indices of affective status suggest that well being depends, to a large extent, on factors outside the clinical domain.
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- Hofman-Bang, Claes, et al.
(författare)
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Two year results of a controlled study of a residential rehabilitation for patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty : A randomized study of a multifactorial programme
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 20:20, s. 1465-1474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims In a multifactorial lifestyle behaviour programme, of 2 years duration, to study the maintenance of achieved behaviour and risk factor-related changes. Methods and Results Out of a consecutive population of 151 patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty under 65 years of age, 87 were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=46) or to a control group (n=41). The programme started with a 4 week residential stay, which was focused on health education and the achievement of behaviour change. During the first year of follow-up, a maintenance programme included regular contacts with a nurse, while no further rehabilitative efforts were offered during the second year. One patient died (control). During the second year the proportion of hospitalized patients was lower in the intervention group (4% vs 20%;P<0·05). Patients in the intervention group improved several lifestyle dependent behaviours: diet (index at 0, 12 and 24 months): 10·5±3·4, 12·9±2·5 and 12·4±2·6 in the intervention group (I) vs 10·1±3·2, 10·7±3·0 and 11·8±3·2 in the control group (C);P<0·05, exercise sessions per week: 2·5±2·3, 4·5±1·9 and 4·4±2·1 (I) vs 3·1±2·2, 3·5±2·3 and 3·7±2·7 (C);P<0·05, and smoking; 18%, 6% and 9% (I) vs 12%, 21% and 18% (C);P<0·05. This corresponded to improvement in exercise capacity (0, 12 and 24 months): 156±42, 174±49 and 165±47W (I) vs 164±40, 163±49 and 156±48 watts (C);P<0·05. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to serum cholesterol levels at 0 and 24 months: 5·4±0·8 and 5·2±0·9mmol.l–1(I) vs 5·4±1·0 and 4·9±0·9mmol.l–1(C); ns, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level: 3·6±0·8 and 3·4±0·8mmol.l–1(I) vs 3·7±0·9 and 3·3±0·7mmol.l–1(C); ns, triglyceride level: 2·2±1·6 and 1·8±1·3mmol.l–1(I) vs 2·2±1·4 and 1·6±0·6mmol.l–1(C); ns, body mass index (0, 12 and 24 months): 27·5±4·5, 27·0±4·3 and 27·4± 4·5kg.m–2(I) vs 26·8±2·8, 26·9±2·7 and 26·9± 3·2kg.m–2(C); ns, waist/hip ratio or blood pressure. The two groups did not differ in quality of life, or psychological factors. Return to work after 12 and 24 months was 74% and 78% (I) vs 68% and 61% (C); ns. Conclusion This rehabilitation programme influenced important lifestyle behaviour and reduced some, but not all, important risk factors Key Words: Rehabilitation, risk factors
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- Hogevik, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus strains causing infective endocarditis--a comparison with strains from skin infections.
- 1998
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 0903-465X .- 1600-5503 .- 1600-0463. ; 106:9, s. 901-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to study potential bacterial virulence factors in S. aureus endocarditis. S. aureus strains isolated from patients with well-classified episodes of infective endocarditis (IE) (n=26) were compared with control S. aureus strains from consecutive patients with skin infections (n=30). The potential virulence factors studied were Staphylococcal enterotoxin A-D (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) production and binding capacity to the extracellular matrix proteins: fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type II and bone sialoprotein (BSP). None of the potential virulence factors studied was more prevalent among the IE strains. BSP binding was more often found in the control group with skin infections. Endocarditis patients with previous damage of the heart valves were more often infected by strains not producing any enterotoxin. No correlation was found between the potential bacterial virulence factors studied and IE. Concerning the toxins known to act as superantigens (SEA-E and TSST-1), the tendencies in this and other studies indicate that a larger study group might identify them as pathogenic factors in a subgroup of staphylococcal endocarditis.
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| 6. |
- Lisspers, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral effects of a comprehensive, multifactorial program for lifestyle change after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty : A prospective, randomized, controlled study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999. ; 46:2, s. 143-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A group of 93 coronary patients recently treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. Subjects in the intervention group participated in a comprehensive behaviorally oriented program aimed at achieving significant long-term changes in risk factor–related lifestyle behavior. Assessments of lifestyle behaviors, psychological factors, biological risk factors, and rehabilitation as well as secondary prevention endpoints were carried out, at inclusion and after 12 months. Results showed that the intervention patients, as compared with controls, improved significantly on measures assessing smoking, exercise, and diet habits. These self-rated changes were confirmed by weight reductions and improved exercise capacity, as well as by between-group differences in subclinical chest pain during an exercise test. However, few effects were found on the different psychological variables, as well as on morbidity or return to work.
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- Lisspers, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Multifactorial evaluation of a program for lifestyle behavior change in rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 33:1, s. 9-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive, multifactorial lifestyle behavior change program was developed for rehabilitation and secondary prevention of subjects with coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present report is to describe this intervention model and to analyze results achieved in a first group of consecutive participants. Main inclusion criteria for the 292 subjects were a recent history of acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass surgery, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The program commenced with a 4-week residential stay, with the focus on health education and the achievement of behavior change in major lifestyle areas. During the year of follow-up a systematic maintenance program included regular contact with a nurse. Morbidity and mortality was low. Self-reported quality of life improved and there were significant improvements in blood lipids, exercise capacity and body mass index. There were also significant changes both in psychological variables such as Type A behavior, anger, hostility, and in major lifestyle areas such as stress reactions, diet, exercise and smoking. These changes compared favorably with data from relevant samples from the Swedish normal population. This program had a considerable effect on a number of important factors for rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
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- Montgomery, Henry, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Importance and attainment of life values among disabled and non-disabled people.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rehabilitation medicine. - 0036-5505. ; 28:4, s. 233-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do disabled persons evaluate their life situation? To address this issue, importance and attainment ratings of 82 different life values as well as mood ratings were collected from 325 chronically ill and/or disabled persons and 504 non-disabled persons. Both groups largely agreed on what is important in life. The disabled persons, however, gave lower importance ratings on functions related to health and mobility. The attainment and mood ratings were in general slightly lower for the disabled persons. The attainment ratings for health and mobility were markedly lower. The concordance between rated importance and attainment across different life values was positive in both groups. This measure was also positively related to mood in both samples. It was suggested that disabled persons adjust to their life situation by de-emphasizing the importance of the physical functions affected by the disability and through habituation.
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| 9. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperation between parents in caring for diabetic children: relations to metabolic control and parents' field-dependence-independence
- 1993
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - 1872-8227. ; 20:3, s. 223-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aspects of parental interaction were assessed in 20 families with diabetic, insulin-dependent children, using hour-long video-taped interviews, the children being in optimal (O, n = 10) or poor (P, n = 10) metabolic control and showing optimal or poor psychological adaptation. In comparison with the O-group parents, the P-group parents were less appreciative of one another, were less congruent in their attitudes to diabetes care, and appeared not to respect their childrens' independence and integrity; the mothers were discontented with the support given them by their husbands; the children assumed less responsibility for managing their diabetes and seemed less confident during the interview. The results are interpreted in light of an earlier finding that the P-group fathers are more field-dependent (FD) than their wives while the opposite is true for the O-group fathers. With reference to evidence from the cognitive style literature, we suggest that the relatively FD P-group fathers have difficulties in acting as autonomous sources of support to their wives resulting in marital discord and a delayed transition from maternal to self care in their children.
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