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| 2. |
- Amnér, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetssituation och stresshantering hos kabinpersonal
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although serious accidents or near-accidents are relatively rare in airline traffic, when they occur cabin attendants are expected to act effectively and with authority. However, the ability of cabin attendants to intervene professionally is also called for in other critical situations, such as when incidents that are frightening for the passengers occur or when passengers suddenly become ill. The study reported deals with cabin attendants’ work situation and manner of coping with stress described by 101 cabin attendants belonging to three Swedish airlines.
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| 3. |
- Lundgren Elfström, Magnus, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of coping on psychological outcome when controlling for background variables: a study of traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Spinal cord : the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 40:8, s. 408-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES: In a previous study we found spinal cord lesion (SCL)-related coping factors to be distinctly related to levels of SCL-related psychological outcome. However, we did not control for other potentially confounding variables. In this study we investigated effects of coping strategies on psychological outcome reactions in traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons controlling for sociodemographic, disability-related and social support variables. SETTING: The Gothenburg Spinal Injuries Unit in Sweden. METHODS: The study sample comprised 255 persons and a subsample of 157 persons. A series of stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: SCL-related coping factors clearly predicted psychological outcome even when background variables were controlled. Higher levels of acceptance coping predicted decreased psychological distress and increased positive morale. Elevated social reliance coping predicted heightened distress. Higher levels of social support predicted lower feelings of helplessness. Sociodemographic and disability-related variables were weak predictors of psychological outcome with one exception: higher education predicted less bitterness and brooding. CONCLUSION: SCL-related coping remained the most important predictor of psychological outcome even when a wide range of variables was controlled. Thus we conclude that psychosocial interventions aimed at helping individuals develop their coping strategies might be of substantial value in their adjustment to SCL.
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| 4. |
- Lundgren Elfström, Magnus, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Linkages between coping and psychological outcome in the spinal cord lesioned: development of SCL-related measures.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Spinal cord : the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 40:1, s. 23-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES: To investigate relationships between coping and mental well-being with clinical relevance to spinal cord lesion (SCL). SETTING: The Gothenburg Spinal Injuries Unit in Sweden. METHODS: The study sample comprised 274 persons. From in-depth interviews, literature reviews, and the transactional theory of stress and coping, items reflecting coping and psychological outcome, respectively were generated. Principal components factor analysis, multi-trait analysis, and structural equation modelling were used. RESULTS: The coping scale comprised three factors: Acceptance (i.e. revaluation of life values); Fighting spirit (i.e. efforts to behave independently); Social reliance (i.e. a tendency towards dependent behaviour). The outcome scale included the factors: Helplessness (i.e. feeling perplexed, out of control and low self-esteem); Intrusion (i.e. bitterness and brooding); Personal growth (i.e. positive outcomes of life crisis). Acceptance showed a positive relation to Personal growth and was inversely related to both Helplessness and Intrusion. Fighting spirit had a weak negative association to Helplessness and a weak positive association to Personal growth. Social reliance was positively related to Helplessness and Intrusion. Only Social reliance showed any association to neurological status. Those lesioned 1-4 years reported more Helplessness, Intrusion, Social reliance, and less Acceptance than those lesioned >or=5 years. CONCLUSION: Coping is related to psychological outcome in SCL. Our situational coping measure may be a candidate to assess intervention effects.
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| 6. |
- Rydén, Anna, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity-related coping and distress and relationship to treatment preference.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The British journal of clinical psychology / the British Psychological Society. - 0144-6657. ; 40:2, s. 177-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose was to define obesity-related strategies for coping with psychological problems connected with obesity. We also wanted to identify obesity-related distress and explore the effect of coping on distress. Thirdly, we wanted to investigate differences in coping and distress related to choice of surgery or conventional treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from patients in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) intervention study. METHODS: An obesity-related questionnaire concerning coping and distress was created and evaluated in 2510 patients from the SOS study, using multitrait, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis procedures. RESULTS: Three coping factors were defined. Social Trust and Fighting Spirit were problem-focused, whereas Wishful Thinking was emotion-focused. Surgical candidates displayed lower levels of problem-focused and higher levels of emotion-focused coping. We also identified two distress factors: Intrusion and Helplessness. Wishful Thinking was positively related to distress, and Social Trust and Fighting Spirit were inversely related, thus explaining the higher levels of distress reported by the surgical candidates. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, emotion-focused coping proved maladaptive and was associated with increased distress. Problem-focused coping, however, was adaptive and associated with reduced distress. These findings partly explain psychological morbidity and should be taken into consideration in the treatment of obese people.
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| 7. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Disease perception and social behaviour in persistent rhinitis: a comparison between patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 59:4, s. 461-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of rhinitis has increased within recent years, few studies have examined the impact of rhinitis on patients’ behaviour. This study compared two forms of chronic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites (PAR) and perennial non-allergic rhinitis (or so-called vasomotor rhinitis) (VMR) in terms of patients’ perception of their disease and its psychosocial concomitants. Thirty-one patients with PAR and 32 patients with VMR responded to a standard symptom list and were interviewed in-depth regarding their complaints and the impact of rhinitis on their daily life. PAR and VMR patients reported similar somatic and psychosocial complaints. In both disease groups the adverse effects of rhinitis were reported to be substantially limiting, particularly in social contacts, the impact appearing to be more severe in the women. Disease perception and social adjustment appear not to depend appreciably on whether or not an objective diagnosis of rhinitis can be established.
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| 8. |
- Rydén, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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In Defense of Obesity
- 2004
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Ingår i: Defense mechanisms: Theoretical, research, and clinical perspectives (Advances in psychology; 136). - 0166-4115. - 0444512632 ; , s. 557-579
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research suggests that an inclination to eat in response to unlabeled anxiety and a strong dependence on environmental stimuli are more common in overweight individuals than in normal-weight controls. In particular, individuals who habitually use food and eating in order to alleviate painful feelings have to face these feelings when dieting, unless they can be neutralised by psychological defences. In a series of studies we investigated 1) psychological features in obese patients before and after surgical or dietary treatment and, 2) psychological correlates of differential weight loss after treatment. We expected that certain psychological features—immature psychological defence, depression, anxiety and impulsivity/—would be more common among obese than among normal-weight individuals and tend to be linked with treatment failure. Since the obese individual with immature or ineffective defences cannot readily neutralise painful feelings which he/she is liable to experience during food deprivation, s/he is left dependent on somatic or behavioural reac¬tions, or is prone to experience depressive affects as a protection against anxiety. Hence, success or failure after treatment for obesity should be predictable on the basis of the maturity of the individual’s defences
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| 9. |
- Stendahl, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cyclin D1 overexpression is a negative predictive factor for tamoxifen response in postmenopausal breast cancer patients
- 2004
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Nature Publishing Group. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 90:10, s. 1942-1948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antioestrogen treatment by tamoxifen is a well-established adjuvant therapy for oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER) positive breast cancer. Despite ER expression some tumours do not respond to tamoxifen and we therefore delineated the potential link between the cell cycle regulator and ERco-factor, cyclin D1, and tamoxifen response in a material of 167 postmenopausal breast cancers arranged in a tissue array. The patients had been randomised to 2 years of tamoxifen treatment or no treatment and the median follow-up time was 18 years. Interestingly in the 55 strongly ERpositive samples with moderate or low cyclin D1 levels, patients responded to tamoxifen treatment whereas the 46 patients with highly ER positive and cyclin D1 overexpressing tumours did not show any difference in survival between tamoxifen and no treatment. Survival in untreated patients with cyclin D1 high tumours was slightly better than for patients with cyclin D1 low/moderate tumours. However, there was a clearly increased risk of death in the cyclin D1 high group compared to an age-matched control population. Our results suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression predicts for tamoxifen treatment resistance in breast cancer, which is line with recent experimental data using breast cancer cell lines and overexpression systems.
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