| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Anders, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Extracorporeal ("ex vivo") connection of pig kidneys to humans. III. Studies of plasma complement activation and complement deposition in the kidney tissue.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Xenotransplantation. - 0908-665X. ; 5:3, s. 176-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system is one of the important factors involved in the hyperacute rejection of xenografts. This report deals with the activation of the complement system in a clinical trial where pig kidneys were extracorporeally connected to two volunteer dialysis patients who were pretreated with plasmapheresis in order to substantially reduce anti-pig xenoantibodies. The clinical data of the perfusion experiments and the patients humoral immune response to pig xenoantigens have been reported in detail (Xenotransplantation 1996; 3:328-339, 340-353). Three consecutive daily plasmapheresis treatments of the patients reduced the plasma complement protein (C3, C4, and C5) concentrations to 8-27% of the baseline values. The perfusion of the pig kidney connected to patient 1 was terminated at 65 min due to graft rejection and this patient was not hemodynamically affected by the experiment. The second experiment was terminated at 15 min due to an anaphylactic like reaction of the patient. In patient 1 a slight reduction of plasma C3, C4, and C5 and an increase of C5a and SC5b-9 occurred, while C3a decreased during the perfusion. Patient 2 had an increase of all complement parameters, most prominent for C4d and SC5b-9, which occurred concomitant with the appearance of the anaphylactic like side effects. In general, plasma levels of PMN elastase, IL6 and IL8 increased in both patients during the perfusion. Immunohistochemical investigation of the kidney tissues revealed deposition of human complement factors C1q, C4c, and C3c in a congruent pattern with the vasculature of the kidney in patient 1. In kidney 2 only trace amounts of C1q and C3c were found. Both kidneys were negative for properdin. Therefore, in this experimental set up with extracorporeal connection of pig kidneys to the human circulation the human complement cascade is activated mainly through the classical pathway.
|
|
| 2. |
- Benson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Interleukin 6 response to urinary tract infection in childhood
- 1994
-
Ingår i: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. - 0891-3668 .- 1532-0987. ; 13:7, s. 612-616
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed the interleukin 6 (IL-6) response in 114 children with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine and serum samples were obtained at the time of enrollment. There were 90 children with UTI, 41 with and 49 without a temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C. The remaining 24 children did not have bacteriuria; 11 were febrile and 13 were not. The urinary IL-6 concentrations were higher in the children with UTI (mean, 129 units/ml) than in the children without bacteriuria (mean, 7 units/ml, P < 0.01). In contrast the serum IL-6 did not differ between children with or without UTI or between children with or without a temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C. The urinary IL-6 response was higher in children who were infected with P fimbriated Escherichia coli than in other children with UTI (P < 0.05). There was a correlation of urinary IL-6 with the degree of proteinuria, hematuria and urinary leukocyte counts (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively) but not with serum IL-6, CRP or temperature, and of serum IL-6 to C-reactive protein (P = 0.053) and renal concentrating capacity (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that infections of the urinary tract activate an IL-6 response in children and that the magnitude of the IL-6 response is influenced by the properties of the infecting strain.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Rydberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of a possible imbalance between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and soluble TNF receptor forms in tuberculous infection of the central nervous system
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - 1537-6613. ; 172:1, s. 301-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distributions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its soluble receptor forms, R55-BP and R75-BP, were analyzed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe acute or chronic central nervous system infections. Tuberculous infections were associated with high ratios of R55-BP and R75-BP to TNF, 27.2 and 28.0, respectively, suggesting a small biologically active fraction of TNF. The opposite was found in subjects with acute bacterial meningitis. They had large fractions of biologically active TNF and thus low ratios of R55-BP and R75-BP to TNF, 3.7 and 4.0, respectively. It is hypothesized that chronic infectious diseases, such as tuberculous infections, may be associated with inadequate production of TNF and a concomitant relative increase of soluble TNF receptors, which may prolong the disease.
|
|
| 5. |
- Rydberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Resistance to fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 26:3, s. 317-320
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fluoroquinolone sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied by determinations of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin in consecutive clinical isolates. In P. aeruginosa, resistance or reduced susceptibility (MIC > or = 8 mg/l for norfloxacin and > or = 2 mg/l for ciprofloxacin) was found in 17% (9/54) of the isolates. Reduced susceptibility (MIC > or = 2 mg/l for norfloxacin) was found in 12% (10/84) of K. pneumoniae isolates. P. aeruginosa strains isolated in 1991 had reduced susceptibility to both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin significantly more often than isolates from 1984-85 (p = 0.02). 10/84 K. pneumoniae strains from 1991 had reduced susceptibility to norfloxacin, compared with 1/34 from 1984-85. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.11).
|
|
| 6. |
- Schmekel, Birgitta, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of S-salbutamol after administration of the racemate in healthy volunteers
- 1999
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 13:6, s. 1230-1235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Racemic R,S-salbutamol is taken to relieve bronchial constriction. Only the R-enantiomer has bronchodilating properties. The S-enantiomer has been proposed to cause in vitro bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea-pigs. Stereoselective elimination of salbutamol has been shown, with S-salbutamol being eliminated at a slower rate than R-salbutamol. This study questioned whether rates of stereoselective elimination were similar after oral or lung delivery, and whether the S:R ratio would increase after repeated inhalations in a situation resembling a common clinical use. Eighteen healthy volunteers received single-dose racemic salbutamol as a solution instilled in the trachea during anaesthesia, as inhaled micronized powder and/or as ingested tablets. Five volunteers inhaled repeated doses of racemic salbutamol. Concentrations in plasma and urine were measured using a technique which allowed chiral separation of samples with concentrations as low as 0.1 ng·mL -1. The bioavailability of S-salbutamol was significantly higher than that of R-salbutamol after the different modes of administration. Stereoselective elimination was more pronounced after oral administration than after inhalation. Repeated inhalations resulted in successive increases in the S:R ratio as steady state was approached. In conclusion, the clinical consequences of increasing plasma concentrations of S-salbutamol need to be further assessed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Strokan, V, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterisation of human natural anti-sheep xenoantibodies.
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Xenotransplantation. - 0908-665X. ; 5:2, s. 111-21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the pig species is regarded as the most likely organ donor for human xenotransplantation in the future. However, it cannot be granted that the pig will be the optimal species of choice. We have studied human anti-sheep antibodies in comparison with anti-pig antibodies. The anti-sheep lymphocytotoxic and hemagglutination titers were in the range 8 to 128 and 2 to 32, respectively, in single individuals, which were considerably lower than the anti-pig titers of these individuals. Perfusion of sheep kidneys with human blood reduced the anti-sheep xenoantibody titers to zero as measured by lymphocytotoxic, hemagglutination, and sheep aortic endothelial cell antibody binding assays. The perfused kidneys showed generalised depositions of human IgM and C3c in the vascular tree and focal depositions of C1q and fibrin. Obliteration of capillaries by human platelets and polymorphonuclear cells were observed. Total neutral glycolipid fractions were isolated from sheep intestinal, pancreatic, and kidney tissues. By using a chromatogram binding assay, a monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody identified a single compound with five sugar residues in all organs. Several glycolipid bands were stained in all organs by the Gal(alpha)1-specific lectin I-B4 from Griffonia (Bandeiraea) Simplicifolia. A human AB serum pool showed staining by both IgG and IgM antibodies of the Forssman and Gal(alpha)1-terminating components as well as some other, not structurally identified, components. The Forssman and Gal(alpha)1-reactivity in human sera could be eliminated by immunoadsorption using Forssman and Gal(alpha)1-3Gal-immunoadsorbent columns, respectively. Immunostaining of sheep kidney tissue sections showed the presence of Gal(alpha)1-terminating epitopes by immunoperoxidase and immunogold silver staining techniques. Proximal convoluted tubules showed a strong staining, while thin loops of Henle, collecting ducts, urothelium, and vessels showed a weaker staining. Distal convoluted tubules and thick loops of Henle were completely negative. In summary, human serum contains anti-sheep xenoantibodies reacting mainly with the Forssman and Gal(alpha)1-determinants in sheep tissues and the anti-sheep antibody titers are lower than the corresponding anti-pig titers.
|
|
