| 1. |
- Jonson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Passive and active suicidal ideation in Swedish 85-year-olds: Time trends 1986-2015
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 290, s. 300-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background Older adults have high suicide rates. We investigated potential time trends in the prevalence of passive and active suicidal ideation in 85-year-olds. Further, we examined factors associated with such ideation in this age group. Methods Population-based samples of 85-year-olds were interviewed in 1986 (N=347), 2008 (N=426) and 2015 (N=320). Past-month passive/active suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Paykel questions. Results Reporting any type of passive or active suicidal ideation was less common in 2008 (7.3%, p<0.001) and 2015 (7.2%, p<0.001) compared to 1986 (16.4%). The change was driven by decreases in passive ideation. Passive/active suicidal ideation was associated with higher MADRS score (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2, p<0.001), institution residence (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.7-8.9, p=0.001) and feelings of loneliness (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.2, p=0.003). When stratified by sex, it was associated with institution residence (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-9.9, p=0.008) and feelings of loneliness (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4-6.3, p=0.005) in women. In men, we observed a tenfold higher risk in those without partners (OR: 9.8, 95% CI: 2.9-33.5, p<0.001). Limitations While differential three-year mortality was not observed in 1986, mortality was higher among non-participants in 2008 and 2015. This might have inflated cohort differences in passive/active suicidal ideation. Conclusion An initial decrease in the prevalence of passive/active suicidal ideation in 85-year-olds was observed but this positive trend did not persist. Results underline that preventive strategies targeting loneliness and focusing on institutional settings are needed, as are interventions for men without partners.
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| 2. |
- Marseglia, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Poor Cognition : A Population-Based Study of 70-Year-Old Adults Without Dementia
- 2021
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 76:12, s. 2275-2283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Individual conditions of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been related to dementia; however, their combined impact on the preclinical stage is unknown. We investigated the associations between MetS and domain-specific cognitive function as well as the role of sociodemographic, cardiovascular, and genetic factors.Methods: Within the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study-Birth cohort 1944, 1131 dementia-free participants (aged 70 years) were examined during 2014-2016. MetS (central obesity plus at least 2 factors [reduced HD11.-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, or blood glucose]) was identified according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Five cognitive domains (memory, attention/perceptual speed, executive function, verbal fluency, visuospatial abilities) were generated after z-standardizing raw scores from 10 neuropsychological tests. Education, heart disease, claudication (indicating peripheral atherosclerosis), and apolipoprotein genotype were ascertained by trained staff. Data were analyzed with linear regression models.Results: Overall, 618 participants (55%) had MetS. In multiadjusted linear regressions, MetS was related to poorer performance in attention/ perceptual speed (beta -0.14 [95% CI -0.25, -0.02]), executive function (beta -0.12 [95% CI -0.23, -0.01]), and verbal fluency (beta -0.19 [95% CI -0.30, -0.08]). These associations were present only among individuals who did not carry any APOE-epsilon 4 allele or were highly educated. However, among those with MetS, high education was related to better cognitive performance. MetS together with comorbid heart disease or claudication was associated with even worse cognitive performance than each alone.Conclusions: MetS is associated with poor attention/perceptual speed, executive function, and verbal fluency performance. Education, apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele, and comorbid cardiovascular disease influenced the observed associations.
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| 3. |
- Rothenberg, E., et al.
(författare)
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Relative Validity of a Short 15-Item Food Frequency Questionnaire Measuring Dietary Quality, by the Diet History Method
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are commonly used dietary assessment tools. The aim was to assess the relative validity of a 15-item FFQ, designed for the screening of poor dietary patterns with a validated diet history (DH). The study population was derived from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies. The DH registrations were harmonized in accordance with the FFQ frequencies. The agreement was assessed by Cohen's kappa with corresponding confidence intervals (CI) for the frequency and categorical variables. Bland-Altman plots were used for the numeric variables. The study comprised data from 848 individuals (55.2% women). Overall, there was high agreement between the methods, with the exact and adjacent level of agreement over 80% for eight variables. The proportion attributed to the opposite frequency was fairly low for most of the frequency variables. Most of the kappa values were in fair or moderate agreement. The highest kappa values were calculated for the type of cooking fat (k = 0.68, CI = 0.63-0.72) and sandwich spread (k = 0.55, CI = 0.49-0.53), and the lowest for type of bread (0.13, CI = 0.07-0.20) and sweets (0.22 CI = 0.18-0.27). In conclusion, the FFQ showed overall good agreement compared with the DH. We, therefore, think it, with some improvements, could serve as a simple screening tool for poor dietary patterns.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Hilda K, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Self-perceived functional ability and performance-based testing of physical function in older women with or without long-term back pain - results of the H70 study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bmc Geriatrics. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe proportion of older adults is increasing rapidly, and the majority are female. In 2050, the number of persons aged 60years and over is estimated to reach 2.1 billion worldwide, constituting one-third of the total population of Europe. Long-term back pain is a disabling and common condition, primarily affecting older women. Although standardized functional evaluations are essential in the screening of older adults, self-rated activities of daily living capture a different aspect of the person's ability in the context of his or her environment and social support system. This study aimed to describe how older women with or without long-term back pain self-rate their activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in relation to their performance-based testing of physical function, including walking test, leg muscle strength, balance, and endurance.MethodThis study is part of the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden (H70 studies) and uses data from the 1944 birth cohort examined in 2015-16 at age 70. In the present study, only female participants were included in the analysis, and all cases of dementia (n=17) and cases of acute and sub-acute back pain excluded (n=181), leaving an effective sample of 446 female participants.ResultsWomen with long-term back pain self-perceived their ADL and IADL as being as good as those without back pain, although they performed poorer in all performance-based tests and perceived themselves as less physically fit.ConclusionThe discrepancy between self-perceived functional ability (ADL/IADL) and performance-based testing of functioning based on clinical tests calls for further investigation to incentivize person-centered care in older women with long-term back pain in municipal or emergency health-care settings.
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| 5. |
- Wallengren, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the 2010 and 2019 diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) in two cohorts of Swedish older adults.
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The operational definition of sarcopenia has been updated (EWGSOP2) and apply different cut-off points compared to previous criteria (EWGSOP1). Therefore, we aim to compare the sarcopenia prevalence and the association with mortality and dependence in activities of daily living using the 2010 (EWGSOP1 and 2019 (EWGSOP2 operational definition, applying cut-offs at two levels using T-scores.Two birth cohorts, 70 and 85-years-old (n=884 and n=157, respectively), were assessed cross-sectionally (57% women). Low grip strength, low muscle mass and slow gait speed were defined below -2.0 and-2.5 SD from a young reference population (T-score). Muscle mass was defined as appendicular lean soft tissue index by DXA. The EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 were applied and compared with McNemar tests and Cohen's kappa. All-cause mortality was analyzed with the Cox-proportional hazard model.Sarcopenia prevalence was 1.4-7.8% in 70-year-olds and 42-62% in 85years-old's, depending on diagnostic criteria. Overall, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 0.9-1.0 percentage points lower using the EWGSOP2 compared to EWGSOP1 when applying uniform T-score cut-offs (P<0.005). The prevalence was doubled (15.0 vs. 7.5%) using the -2.0 vs. -2.5T-scores with EWGSOP2 in the whole sample. The increase in prevalence when changing the cut-offs was 5.7% (P<0.001) in the 70-year-olds and 17.8% (P<0.001) in the 85-year-olds (EWGSP2). Sarcopenia with cut-offs at -2.5T-score was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 2.4-2.8, P<0.05) but not at T-score-2.0.The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in 85-year-olds compared to 70-year-olds. Overall, the differences between the EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 classifications are small. Meaningful differences between EWGSOP1 and 2 in the 85-year-olds could not be ruled out. Prevalence was more dependent on cut-offs than on the operational definition.
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| 6. |
- Wetterberg, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia remains the major predictor of death among octogenarians. A study of two population cohorts of 85-year-olds examined 22 years apart
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 36, s. 507-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is the major predictor of death in old age. The aim of this paper was to determine whether 8-year mortality among 85-year olds with and without dementia, and if the contribution of dementia to mortality relative to other common diseases has changed. We used two population-based cohorts of 85-year-olds (N = 1065), born in 1901-02 and 1923-24, which were examined with identical methods in 1986-87 and 2008-2010 and followed for 8-year mortality according to data from the Swedish Tax Agency. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R. Other diseases were diagnosed based on self-reports, close informant interviews, somatic examinations, and the Swedish National In-patient Register. Compared to cohort 1901-02, cohort 1923-24 had a lower 8-year mortality both among those with (HR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.99) and without dementia (HR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9). Dementia was associated with increased mortality in both cohorts (cohort 1901-02, HR 2.6; 95% CI 2.0-3.2, cohort 1923-24, HR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3-3.5), and remained the major predictor of death, with a population attributable risk of 31.7% in 1986-87 and 27.7% in 2008-10. Dementia remained the most important predictor of death in both cohorts. The relative risk for mortality with dementia did not change between cohorts, despite a decreased mortality rate in the population.
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