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- Brunzell, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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Board evaluation in the top Nordic football clubs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal. - : Emerald. - 2042-678X. ; 2:3, s. 210-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study if and how the evaluation of the boards in the top Nordic male football clubs affects the boards’ composition and work.Design/methodology/approach: The study includes all the clubs in the two top divisions in each of the five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). The study makes use of a questionnaire where 66 (out of 145) chairmen answer 17 questions concerning the board composition and work on a five-point Likert-scale.Findings: The responses were related to whether the board is annually evaluated or not. Descriptive statistics demonstrates that more than half of the clubs have an annual board evaluation. Most common is that the Chairman performs the evaluation himself/herself with help from designated board members; the evaluation being performed through informal discussions. A total of 44 clubs have a nominee committee. Almost all of the clubs transfer the result of the board evaluation to its nominee committee, most commonly verbally. Furthermore, results show that board evaluation has a significant positive effect on the following functions of football boards: review of business plan, strategy, objective and budget; discussion on short-term development; discussion on long-term development; and work efficiency.Originality/value: The results of this study are consistent with a similar study of listed Nordic companies. The main difference between the results of the two studies is that clubs, unlike publicly listed companies, almost always perform the evaluation through internal interviews rarely using external consultants and individual anonymous questionnaires.
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| 6. |
- Demir, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic sponsoring in professional sport : a review and conceptualization
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Sport Management Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1618-4742 .- 1746-031X. ; 15:3, s. 271-300
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: While the literature on sponsorship of sport has gained interest among scholars in diverse fields such as management, marketing, and psychology in recent years, scant attention has been paid to the extent in which sponsoring may serve as a strategic lever that is mutually beneficial for sponsors and sponsees. We, therefore, ask: What constitutes strategic sponsoring in professional sport? Research methods: In addressing our research question, we selectively review the literature on sport sponsoring, link it to the basic tenets of the resource-based view, and conceptualize this literature into a framework for strategic sponsoring in professional sport. Results and findings: In developing our framework, we consider the concept of regime as the key defining working principle of strategic sponsorship activities. We then elicit six different regimes: the cause regime, loyalty regime, appropriability regime, value-differential regime, heuristics-based regime, and associational regime. Each one of these regime types is further related to the six sponsorship activities identified in our literature review. Implications: In proposing how various regimes serve as generative mechanisms for altering the resource and knowledge-bases of sponsors and sponsees, we provide a conceptually rigorous framework of strategic sponsoring that expands the limits of extant views of sport sponsorship. Hence, our multilevel framework advances sponsorship theory through a more rigorous framing, and it provides practitioners clues for rethinking their sponsorship programs.
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- Dolles, Harald, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing Ecology and Sustainability in Mega-sporting Events : The 2006 Football World Cup in Germany
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Management and Organization. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1833-3672 .- 1839-3527. ; 16:4, s. 587-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in the history of FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association), the football (soccer) World Cup held in Germany 2006 specifically addressed environmental concerns. By doing so, the German Organizing Committee did not have the objective of creating a short-term vision, but rather of making a long-term and lasting contribution to the improvement of environmental protection in hosting a mega-sporting event. By taking the football world cup in Germany as a case study, we will provide insights into the so-called 'Green Goal' programme and its four main areas: water, waste, energy, and transportation. From a global point of view, climate protection was added by the Organizing Committee as the fifth area of action and was recognised as a cross-sectorial task. Finally, questions are addressed on how to apply those measurements in the planning and organisation of other mega (-sporting) events.
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| 9. |
- Dolles, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging economies and mega-sporting events : A longitudinal analysis of advertising patterns and market strategies of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games’ sponsoring partners
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bridging the Divide: Linking IB to Complementary Disciplines and Practice. - : Academy of International Business.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sponsorship of mega-sporting events such as the Olympic Games the Football World Cup has become a multi-million dollar business. Established multinational enterprises and brands such as VW or Coca-Cola use such events as an international marketing platform. But sponsoring mega-sporting sporting event has also developed as a strategic way for local companies to enter new markets or to prove themselves as being ready for the world market. This is especially the case, when the event takes place in an emerging economy. Most sport sponsorship research has focused on the markets in North America, Europe or Australia, thus covering a different economic development and representing not the same market conditions. This research aims to fill the gap by describing and analysing the advertising behaviour of the sponsoring partners to the Beijing Olympic Games. A means-objective framework of sponsoring focussing on six factors was applied to analyse 739 advertisements, articles and press releases collected from Chinese newspapers and Chinese official web pages between 2001 and 2008. By applying a qualitative content analysis, we discovered eight dominant means-objectives combinations leading to different sponsor advertising strategies depending on the lead time to the Olympic Games and the level of internationalization of the sponsoring company.
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