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- Ekstedt, Mirjam, et al.
(författare)
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Microarousals during sleep are associated with increased levels of lipids, cortisol, and blood pressure
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychosomatic Medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0033-3174 .- 1534-7796. ; 66:6, s. 925-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous work has demonstrated a link between restricted sleep and risk indicators for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, such as levels of cortisol, lipids, and glucose. The present study sought to identify relations between polysomnographic measures of disturbed sleep (frequency of arousals from sleep, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) and a number of such indicators. A second purpose was to relate the number of arousals to mood, stress, work characteristics, and other possible predictors in daily life.Methods: Twenty-four people (10 men, 14 women; mean age 30 years), high vs. low on burnout, were recruited from a Swedish IT company. Polysomnographically recorded sleep was measured at home before a workday. Blood pressure, heart rate, morning blood sample, and saliva samples of cortisol were measured the subsequent working day. They were also recorded for diary ratings of sleep and stress, and a questionnaire with ratings of sleep, stress, work conditions, and mood was completed.Results: A stepwise regression analysis using sleep parameters as predictors brought out number of arousals as the best predictor of morning cortisol (serum and saliva), heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and LDL/HDL-ratio. Work stress/unclear boundaries between work and leisure time was the best predictor of arousals among the stress variables.Conclusion: Consistent with sleep restriction experiments, sleep fragmentation was associated with elevated levels of metabolic and cardiovascular risk indicators of stress-related disorders. Number of arousals also seems to be related to workload/stress.
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| 2. |
- Jamain, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 34:1, s. 27-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have supported a genetic etiology for autism. Here we report mutations in two X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 in siblings with autism-spectrum disorders. These mutations affect cell-adhesion molecules localized at the synapse and suggest that a defect of synaptogenesis may predispose to autism.
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| 6. |
- Söderström, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' experiences of interactions with family members in intensive care units.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:2, s. 185-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of interactions with family members in intensive care units. Ten experienced Registered Nurses were interviewed, and the interview text was qualitatively analysed by its content. Nursing of families was experienced as an essential, necessary and demanding task, and no systematic assessment and intervention with families were talked about. Two categories emerged from nurses' descriptions: inviting and noninviting interactions between nurses and family members. Inviting interactions were considered when family members were seen as important in the nursing care. The nurses used themselves as instruments to create contact and felt confident working with the family members. Thereby the nurses were forced to reflect on their way of caring and received positive responses from family members. In noninviting interactions, medical and technical tasks were considered to be most important and the nurses considered themselves as experts. They expressed having little time for family members and described being afraid of coming too close to them and having problems with creating relationships. Further research, including direct observations of interactions between nurses and family members, is needed.
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| 7. |
- Söderström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep and sleepiness in young individuals with high burnout scores
- 2004
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Ingår i: Sleep. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0161-8105 .- 1550-9109. ; 27:7, s. 1369-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: Burnout is a growing health problem in Western society. This study aimed to investigate sleep in subjects scoring high on burnout but still at work. The purpose was also to study the diurnal pattern of sleepiness, as well as ratings of work stress and mood in groups with different burnout scores.Design: Sleep was recorded in 2 groups (high vs low on burnout) during 2 nights; 1 before a workday and 1 before a day off, in a balanced order. Sleepiness ratings as well as daytime diary ratings were analyzed for the workday and the day off after the sleep recordings.Setting: The polysomnographic recordings were made in the subjects' home.Participants: Twenty-four healthy individuals (14 women and 10 men) between the ages of 24 and 43 years participated.Interventions: N/A.Measurements and Results: A higher frequency of arousals during sleep (Workday: high burnout = 12 +/- 1 per hour, low burnout = 8 +/- 1 per hour; Day off: high burnout = 12 2 per hour, low burnout = 8 +/- 1 per hour), and more subjective awakening problems were found in the high-burnout group. The diurnal pattern of sleepiness indicated that the high-burnout group did not recover in the same way as did the low-burnout group on the day off. Indicators of impaired recovery were also seen within the high-burnout group as a higher degree of bringing work home and working on weekends, as well as more complaints of work interfering with leisure time.Conclusions: Young subjects with high burnout scores, but who are still working, show more arousals during sleep and an absence of reduced sleepiness during days off.
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