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- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and monoamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 179:2, s. 231-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression and panic disorder, may influence monoamine activity. A well-established technique for assessing brain monoamine turnover in humans is to measure concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus investigated possible associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in a population of healthy male subjects. After having found such an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this sample, I carriers displaying lower levels, we tried to replicate this observation in a population of violent male offenders from which also both CSF and DNA were available. Also in this sample, the same associations were found. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a role in the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic turnover in men. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Flygare, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna utvärdering ger besked om insatser och arbetssätt som effektivt förebygger och åtgärdar mobbning. Utvärderingen är unik genom att den omfattar stora mängder data, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa från 39 skolor, att enskilda individers utsatthet följs upp vid tre tillfällen och att den omfattar flera program samtidigt.Resultaten visar bland annat att olika insatser har olika effekt för pojkar och flickor samt olika effekt beroende på om mobbningen är social eller fysisk. Den visar också att ingen enskild insats har dramatiskt positiva effekter. För att en skola ska lyckas förebygga och åtgärda mobbning krävs ett systematiskt arbete och en kombination av insatser. Åtta namngivna program som används mot mobbning har ingått i utvärderingen: Farstametoden, Friends, Lions Quest, Olweusprogrammet, SET - Social och emotionell träning, Skolkomet, Skolmedling samt Stegvis. I utvärderingens fristående metodfördjupning Utvärdering av metoder mot mobbning. Metodappendix och bilagor till rapport 353, (endast publicerad som pdf ) redovisar forskarna utförligt utvärderingens design och redogör för tillvägagångssättet vid datainsamling och analys.
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| 5. |
- Gunnarsson, Marie, 1980-
(författare)
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Lärande i arbetslivets övergångar
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the course of the last few decades, work-life has changed and now includes a higher degree of instability and insecurity. This thesis takes this change as its starting point, aiming to understand the ways in which individuals manage involuntary work-life transitions at the workplace, in terms of learning.The study has a longitudinal focus, based on interviews of twelve people who used to work at the same plant. Seven of the interviewees were laid off during the financial crisis of 2008, five of them were not laid off, but continued their employment throughout the crisis. Theoretically, the approach is a combination of a pragmatic learning perspective, through which learning is seen as a kind of problem-solving activity, and a narrative perspective that provides tools with which to view stories as carriers of meaning.The results show that insecurity is accepted by many as a non-negotiable part of work-life. Work-life is in many aspects affected by market globalisation the discourse of employability, where the individual bears the responsibility for their personal work-life. By preparing as best they can to be financially, socially and employability-wise well equipped, the interviewees do what they can to minimize the negative effects of the bad times that are bound to come at some point. Across time, many of the interviewees are moving between different approaches to dealing with the insecurity of work-life. In the process of making meaningful strategic choices, they are involved in learning. Experience and future plans play a role in which choices are made, and thereby also form the route that is constructed by each individual as they navigate between different points in their work-life.The final discussion aims at pointing out the effects an insecure work-life impose on people. People tell stories of acceptance towards the instability of work-life, not because they find work-life satisfying or well-functioning, but because they need to. In order to match the qualifications of an employable individual, they cannot oppose it. In doing so they would automatically define themselves as not so flexible, not so employable. This is a result of learning in work-life transitions.
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| 8. |
- Söderström, Marie
(författare)
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Burnout: a matter of impaired recovery?
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general aim of this thesis work was to investigate physiological and subjective markers of recovery from stress in order to identify and discuss possible risk factors precipitating burnout, as well as factors related to recovery from burnout and return to work. In particular, sleep and unwinding during leisure time, in relation to burnout, were in focus in the four papers included in this thesis. The first two papers had cross-sectional designs, in which workday and weekend patterns of sleep, cortisol, sleepiness, mental fatigue, and perceived activation in burnout subjects were investigated. Twenty-four working individuals were selected into two groups on the basis of burnout scores (high or low), 12 subjects in each group matched on age, gender and experience in the company. Physiological sleep data showed a higher frequency of arousals for the high-burnout group. The diurnal pattern of sleepiness, mental fatigue and activation indicated that the high-burnout group did not recover during the weekend, as did the low-burnout group. Other indicators of impaired recovery were seen within the high-burnout group as they reported a higher degree of thoughts of work during leisure time, bringing work home and working on weekends. The burnout group showed higher awakening cortisol during the workday compared to the weekend. The diurnal amplitude of cortisol did not differ between the groups. When objective sleep data was related to cortisol data, it was shown that higher frequency of micro-arousals during the prior sleep was associated with an earlier diurnal peak of cortisol and higher diurnal amplitude of cortisol during the workday. The third paper was a longitudinal study, conducted over a two-year period. During this time, 15 subjects, out of 388 in the reference sample at one workplace, were identified as ‘burnout cases’, as they were clinically assessed, found matching the inclusion criteria and referred to treatment for clinical burnout. Baseline data on work stress, sleep, and impaired unwinding, were used as independent variables in a set of logistic regression analyses in order to identify risk factors for subsequent clinical burnout. ‘Too little sleep (<6 h)’ was identified as the main risk factor for clinical burnout, with adjustment for ‘work demands’ and ‘thoughts of work during leisure time’. The latter two became significant predictors in earlier steps of the multivariate approach. In the forth paper, 23 patients on long-term sick leave due to clinical burnout and 16 healthy controls were subjected to polysomnographic recordings at baseline and at follow-up (6–12 months later). Decreased sleep fragmentation and decreased anxiety over time predicted recovery from burnout (reduced fatigue). Reduced fatigue was the only significant predictor of return to work. In short, this thesis has put forward data that support the assumption that, apart from high work demands, impaired or insufficient sleep and unwinding are connected to burnout development. Also, recovery from clinical burnout was shown to be associated with improved sleep quality and alertness. Plausibly, interventions aiming at preventing or treating sleep disturbance, as well as at enhancing the possibilities to unwind during daytime, in groups experiencing high work stress, may be of vital importance in order to decrease the risk for severe exhaustion development.
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| 9. |
- Söderström, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Insufficient sleep predicts clinical burnout
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1076-8998 .- 1939-1307. ; 17:2, s. 175-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present prospective study aimed to identify risk factors for subsequent clinical burnout. Three hundred eighty-eight working individuals completed a baseline questionnaire regarding work stress, sleep, mood, health, and so forth. During a 2-year period, 15 subjects (7 women and 8 men) of the total sample were identified as "burnout cases," as they were assessed and referred to treatment for clinical burnout. Questionnaire data from the baseline measurement were used as independent variables in a series of logistic regression analyses to predict clinical burnout. The results identified "too little sleep (<6 h)" as the main risk factor for burnout development, with adjustment for "work demands," "thoughts of work during leisure time," and "sleep quality." The first two factors were significant predictors in earlier steps of the multivariate regression. The results indicate that insufficient sleep, preoccupation with thoughts of work during leisure time, and high work demands are risk factors for subsequent burnout. The results suggest a chain of causation.
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