| 1. |
- Kozlowska, K., et al.
(författare)
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Patterns of healthy lifestyle and positive health attitudes in older Europeans
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 12:10, s. 728-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To determine (i) the extent to which recommended lifestyle healthy behaviors are adopted and the existence of positive attitudes to health; (ii) the relative influence of socio-demographic variables on multiple healthy lifestyle behaviors and positive attitudes to health; (iii) the association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and positive attitudes to health. Design: two distinct healthy behavioral measures were developed: (i) healthy lifestyles based on physical activity, no cigarette smoking, no/moderate alcohol drinking, maintaining a "healthy" weight and having no sleeping problems and (ii) positive health attitudes based on having positive emotional attitudes, such as: self-perceived good health status, being calm, peaceful and happy for most of the time, not expecting health to get worse and regular health check-ups. A composite healthy lifestyle index, ranging from 0 (none of behaviors met) to 5 (all behaviors met) was calculated by summing up the individual's scores for the five healthy lifestyle items. Afterwards, each individual's index was collapsed into three levels: 0-2 equivalent to 'level 1' (subjectively regarded as 'too low'), a score of 3 equivalent to 'level 2' ('fair') and 4-5 as 'level 3' satisfactory 'healthy lifestyle' practices. The same procedure was applied to the positive health attitudes index. Multinomial logistic regression analyses by a forward selection procedure were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Participants: a multi-national sample consisting of 638 older Europeans from 8 countries, aged 65-74 and 75+, living alone or with others. Results and conclusions: maintaining a "healthy" weight was the most frequently cited factor in the healthy lifestyles index and therefore assumed to be the most important to the older Europeans in the study; positive attitudes to health were relatively low; participants achieved a 'satisfactory' level for healthy lifestyles index (level 3) more frequently than a satisfactory level for positive attitudes to health; having a satisfactory 'healthy lifestyle' was directly related to having a satisfactory level of positive attitudes to health based on the positive health attitudes index; income and geographical location in Europe appeared to be key predictors for meeting both the recommended healthy lifestyle factors in the index and having positive health attitudes however, the composition and nature of the study sample should be taken into consideration when considering the impact of the location on healthy lifestyles and attitudes to health across Europe.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Huvstig, A, et al.
(författare)
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Pavement Performance Models on Project Level
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Application of Advanced Technologies in Transportation, Athens, 27-31 May 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Nag, Amitabh, et al.
(författare)
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First versus subsequent return-stroke current and field peaks in negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharges
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 113:D19, s. D19112-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine relative magnitudes of electric field peaks of first and subsequent return strokes in negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes recorded in Florida, Austria, Brazil, and Sweden. On average, the electric field peak of the first stroke is appreciably, 1.7 to 2.4 times, larger than the field peak of the subsequent stroke ( except for studies in Austria where the ratio varies from 1.0 to 2.3, depending on methodology and instrumentation). Similar results were previously reported from electric field studies in Florida, Sweden, and Sri Lanka. For comparison, directly measured peak currents for first strokes are, on average, a factor of 2.3 to 2.5 larger than those for subsequent strokes. There are some discrepancies between first versus subsequent stroke intensities reported from different studies based on data reported by lightning locating systems (LLS). The ratio of LLS-reported peak currents for first and subsequent strokes confirmed by video records is 1.7 to 2.1 in Brazil, while in the United States ( Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, and the Great Plains) it varies from 1.1 to 1.6, depending on methodology used. The smaller ratios derived from the LLS studies are likely to be due to poor detection of relatively small subsequent strokes. The smaller values in Austria are possibly related ( at least in part) to the higher percentage ( about 50% versus 24-38% in other studies) of flashes with at least one subsequent stroke greater than the first. The effects of excluding single-stroke flashes or subsequent strokes in newly formed channels appear to be relatively small.
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| 5. |
- Xu, H, et al.
(författare)
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Osteolytic potential of triphenyl bismuth as an alternative contrast medium in acrylic bone cement
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied Biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4981 .- 1552-4973. ; 75B:1, s. 64-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiopaque cement containing barium sulfate causes significantly more bone resorption in vivo and in vitro than radiolucent cement. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteolytic potential of an alternative radiopaque agent, triphenyl bismuth (TPB). Bone cement particles containing various concentration of TPB (15 and 25 wt%) prepared by two methods, blending and dissolution, were added to monocytes in a bone resorption assay and the extent of lacunar resorption on dentine slices was determined. The results clearly show that cement particles containing TPB cause less bone resorption than cement particles containing barium sulfate. In addition, our results suggest that TPB prepared by dissolution in bone cement induces less osteolytic response than TPB-cement prepared by blending. The osteolysis in response to bone cement wear particles may therefore be reduced with TPB prepared using the blending technique.
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