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| 2. |
- McLean, D., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer mortality in workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry : An international collaborative study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 114:7, s. 1007-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate cancer mortality in pulp and paper industry workers exposed to chlorinated organic compounds. We assembled a multinational cohort of workers employed between 1920 and 1996 in 11 countries. Exposure to both volatile and nonvolatile organochlorine compounds was estimated at the department level using an exposure matrix. We conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age and calendar-period-specific national mortality rates and a Poisson regression analysis. The study population consisted of 60,468 workers. Workers exposed to volatile organochlorines experienced a deficit of all-cause [SMR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93] and all-cancer (SMR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) mortality, with no evidence of increased risks for any cancer of a priori interest. There was a weak, but statistically significant, trend of increasing risk of all-cancer mortality with increasing weighted cumulative exposure. A similar deficit in all-cause (SMR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.91-0.96) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.89-1.00) mortality was observed in those exposed to nonvolatile organochlorines. No excess risk was observed in cancers of a priori interest, although mortality from Hodgkin disease was elevated (SMR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.02-2.82). In this study we found little evidence that exposure to organochlorines at the levels experienced in the pulp and paper industry is associated with an increased risk of cancer, apart from a weak but significant association between all-cancer mortality and weighted cumulative volatile organochlorine exposure.
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| 3. |
- Anelli, A., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and simulation of the neutron response and detection efficiency of a Pb-scintillating fiber calorimeter
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 55:3, s. 1409-1412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have measured the overall detection efficiency to neutrons of a small prototype of the KLOE Pb-scintillating fiber calorimeter in the kinetic energy range [5,175] MeV. using the neutron beam facility of The Svedberg Laboratory, TSL, Uppsala. The measurement of the neutron detection efficiency of a NE110 scintillator provided a reference calibration. At the lowest trigger threshold, the overall calorimeter efficiency ranges from 28% to 33%. This value largely exceeds the estimated similar to 8% expected if the response were proportional only to the scintillator equivalent thickness. A detailed simulation of the calorimeter and of the TSL beamline has been performed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The simulated response of the detector to neutrons is presented together with first data to Monte Carlo comparison. The results show an overall neutron efficiency of about 35%. The reasons for such an efficiency enhancement, in comparison with the typical scintillator-based neutron counters, are explained, opening the road to a novel neutron detector.
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| 4. |
- Anelli, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and simulation of the neutron response and detection efficiency of a Pb-scintillating fiber calorimeter
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 581:1-2, s. 368-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall detection efficiency to neutrons of a small prototype of the KLOE Pb-scintillating fiber calorimeter has been measured at the neutron beam facility of The Svedberg Laboratory, TSL, Uppsala, in the kinetic energy range 5-175 MeV. The measurement of the neutron detection efficiency of a NE110 scintillator provided a reference calibration. At the lowest trigger threshold, the overall calorimeter efficiency ranges from 40% to 50%. This value largely exceeds the estimated 8-16% expected if the response were proportional only to the scintillator equivalent thickness. A detailed simulation of the calorimeter and of the TSL beamline has been performed with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The simulated response of the detector to neutrons is presented, as well as a first data Monte Carlo comparison. The results show an overall neutron efficiency of about 50%, when no trigger threshold is applied. The reasons of such an efficiency enhancement, in comparison with the typical scintillator-based neutron counters, are explained, opening the road to a novel neutron detector.
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| 5. |
- Anelli, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the detection efficiency of the KLOE calorimeter for neutrons between 22 and 174 MeV
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 598:1, s. 244-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A prototype of the high-sampling lead-scintillating fiber KLOE calorimeter has been exposed to neutron beams of 21, 46 and 174 MeV, provided by the The Svedberg Laboratory, Uppsala, to test its neutron detection efficiency. The measurement of the neutron detection efficiency of an NE110 scintillator provided a reference calibration. The measured efficiency is larger than what expected considering the scintillator thickness of the KLOE prototype only. This result proves the existence of a contribution from the passive material to neutron detection efficiency, in a high-sampling calorimeter configuration.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Battistoni, G., et al.
(författare)
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The FLUKA code and its use in hadron therapy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C. - Italian Physical Society. - 1124-1896. ; 31:1, s. 69-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FLUKA is a multipurpose Monte Carto code describing transport and interaction with matter of a, large variety of particles over a wide energy range ill complex geometries. FLUKA is successfully applied ill several fields, including, but not only particle physics, cosmic-ray physics, dosimetry, radioprotection, hadron therapy. space radiation, accelerator design and neutronics. Here we briefly review recent model developments and provide examples of applications to hadron therapy, including calculation of physical and biological dose for comparison with analytical treatment planning engines as well as beta(+)-activation for therapy monitoring by means of positron emission tomography.
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| 8. |
- Ballarini, F., et al.
(författare)
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The physics of the FLUKA code : Recent developments
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 40:9, s. 1339-1349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- FLUKA is a Monte-Carlo code able to simulate interaction and transport of hadrons, heavy ions and electromagnetic particles from few keV (or thermal neutron) to cosmic ray energies in whichever material. The highest priority in the design and development of the code has always been the implementation and improvement of sound and modern physical models. A summary of the FLUKA physical models is given, while recent developments are described in detail: among the others, extensions of the intermediate energy hadronic interaction generator, refinements in photon cross sections and interaction models, analytical on-line evolution of radio-activation and remnant dose. In particular, new developments in the nucleus-nucleus interaction models are discussed. Comparisons with experimental data and examples of applications of relevance for space radiation are also provided.
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| 9. |
- Battistoni, G., et al.
(författare)
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Generator of neutrino-nucleon interactions for the FLUKA based simulation code
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Institute of Physics Conference Series. - American Institute of Physics : AIP. ; , s. 343-346
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An event generator of neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus interactions has been developed for the general purpose Monte Carlo code FLUKA. The generator includes options for simulating quasi-elastic interactions, the neutrino-induced resonance production and deep inelastic scattering. Moreover, it shares the hadronization routines developed earlier in the framework of the FLUKA package for simulating hadron-nucleon interactions. The simulation of neutrino-nuclear interactions makes use of the well developed PEANUT event generator implemented in FLUKA for modeling of the interactions between hadrons and nuclei. The generator has been tested in the neutrino energy range from 0 to 10 TeV and it is available in the standard FLUKA distribution. Limitations related to some particular kinematical conditions are discussed. A number of upgrades is foreseen for the generator which will optimize its applications for simulating experiments in the CNGS beam.
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| 10. |
- Battistoni, G., et al.
(författare)
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Neutrino Interactions with FLUKA
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 40:9, s. 2491-2505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new neutrino interaction generator has been developed in FLUKA. The package, called NUNDIS (NeUtrino–Nucleon Deep Inelastic Scattering), is specifically built in order to be fully integrated with the hadronization and nuclear models of the FLUKA Monte Carlo code which were already successfully tested in hadronic interactions. This generator thus complements the already existing generator of quasi-elastic neutrino scattering. Here we describe the physics, sampling methods, and other specifics of NUNDIS, as well as the limitations of the code.
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